Multivitamin

“MVM and MV supplements have no standard or regulatory definition, such as what nutrients they must contain or in what amounts. Therefore, these terms refer to products that have widely varying compositions”

“Taking an MVM increases nutrient intakes and helps people obtain recommended amounts of vitamins and minerals when they do not meet these needs from food alone”

“vitamin and mineral supplements had little or no benefit in preventing cancer, CVD, and death, except that MVMs may provide a small benefit against cancer … there was insufficient evidence to determine the balance of benefits and harms”

“a meta-analysis of the three ancillary studies (COSMOS-Mind, Web, and Clinic) that included more than 5,000 participants showed that MVM use improved global cognition and episodic memory over time”

“Taking a basic MVM that provides nutrients in amounts that are approximately the same as recommended intakes should be safe for healthy people”

“individuals who take MVMs and other supplements and who consume fortified foods and beverages might obtain some nutrients in amounts exceeding the UL, increasing the possibility of adverse effects”

“Smokers and, possibly, former smokers should avoid MVM products providing large amounts of beta-carotene or vitamin A because two studies have linked these nutrients to an increased risk of lung cancer in smokers”

“Taking excess vitamin A (as retinol or other preformed forms of vitamin A but not beta-carotene) during pregnancy can increase the risk of birth defects in infants”

“People who take certain blood thinners, such as warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven), should talk with their health care providers before taking any MVM or dietary supplement containing vitamin K … Vitamin K … decreases the effectiveness of warfarin”

“Basic MVMs contain both vitamins and minerals, most in amounts that do not exceed the DVs. However, MVMs often have small amounts of certain nutrients, such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium”

“HS for use by the general adult population should not contain vitamins and minerals exceeding the stipulated limits stated in Tables 4 and 5 … Vitamin B6 100mg … Iron 15mg … Magnesium 350 mg”

“For multivitamin and mineral supplements for pregnant women, a higher iron limit of 30mg/day may be considered”

“The objective of this guideline is to highlight the substances of concern when used in HS and TM … 56. Iron — Restricted use in HS and TM … should not provide more than 15mg … Cautionary Statement”

“California Gold Nutrition, Multivitamin & Mineral, Two-A-Day … Life Extension, Two-Per-Day Multivitamin … Thorne, Basic Nutrients 2/Day … MaryRuth's, Liquid Morning Multivitamin … 21st Century, One Daily, Men's Health”