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Chondroitin

Supplement glycosaminoglycan bone & joint
Aka: chondroitin sulfate
Brands seen in Singapore: Doctor's Best, NOW Foods, Source Naturals, Best Naturals, Swanson Vitamins
Not medical advice. Check with your doctor or pharmacist before you start, stop or change the timing of anything you take.
How to use
What it’s for
Joint pain and function in knee trials · results conflict
When to take
Daily
Take with
Often combined with glucosamine · split into 2–3 doses
Studied for
Trials ran 6 months to 2 years
Pros & cons
Pros
  • 18-study analysis found a benefit, but inconsistent
  • 80 of 107 safety studies: no or mild side effects
  • No CYP enzyme inhibition in liver-microsome tests
Cons
  • Acr and oarsi 2019 guidelines advise against it
  • Bleeding risk reported with warfarin
  • Gut upset the most common side effect
Sources
  1. NCCIH — Glucosamine and Chondroitin for Osteoarthritis: What You Need To Know · read 2026-08-27
    what it says
    “for pain and joint function in people with knee osteoarthritis, but studies have had inconsistent results, and expert evaluations of the evidence have reached conflicting conclusions. It's still uncertain whether glucosamine and chondroitin are helpful”
  2. NCCIH — Glucosamine and Chondroitin for Osteoarthritis, chondroitin-alone evidence · read 2026-08-27
    what it says
    “A 2019 analysis of 18 studies of chondroitin taken alone for osteoarthritis (3,791 participants), 16 of which were on knee osteoarthritis, showed a significant benefit of chondroitin, but with much inconsistency in the study results”
  3. NCCIH — Glucosamine and Chondroitin for Osteoarthritis, clinical practice guidelines · read 2026-08-27
    what it says
    “The 2019 ACR/AF guideline strongly recommends against the use of chondroitin alone or in combination with glucosamine for knee osteoarthritis … the 2021 AAOS guideline includes chondroitin in a list of dietary supplements that may be helpful”
  4. NCCIH — Glucosamine and Chondroitin for Osteoarthritis, safety section · read 2026-08-27
    what it says
    “No major safety problems have been identified … chondroitin have been associated with an increased risk of bleeding in people who are taking the anticoagulant warfarin. Little is known about the safety … during pregnancy or while breastfeeding”
  5. NCCIH — Glucosamine and Chondroitin for Osteoarthritis, trial durations · read 2026-08-27
    what it says
    “Two large 2-year trials of glucosamine and chondroitin for knee osteoarthritis … In this 6-month trial, hand pain decreased and hand function improved to a greater extent in the chondroitin group than the placebo group”
  6. The Safety and Efficacy of Glucosamine and/or Chondroitin in Humans: A Systematic Review (Baden et al., Nutrients 2025) · read 2026-08-27
    what it says
    “37 of these studies reported 1200 mg as the daily dose for chondroitin … in two or three divided doses … Osteoarthritis Range glucosamine: 375–2250 mg Range chondroitin: 60–1560 mg”
  7. Baden et al., Nutrients 2025 — safety outcomes · read 2026-08-27
    what it says
    “80 of 107 safety studies reported no adverse effects, minimal/mild adverse effects, or adverse effects no different than the comparator … The most common AEs reported were gastrointestinal-related, including nausea, diarrhea, constipation, dyspepsia, and bloating”
  8. Investigation of Drug-Interaction Potential for Arthritis Dietary Supplements: Chondroitin Sulfate, Glucosamine, and Methylsulfonylmethane (Kim et al., Molecules 2023) · read 2026-08-27
    what it says
    “CS, GCS, and MSM had no inhibitory effects on CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 … there have been reports of an interaction case where the co-administration of CS and GCS with warfarin resulted in an elevated INR”
  9. HSA — Guidelines on Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in Health Supplements and Traditional Medicines, GL-CHPB-1-012 Rev 001 (Oct 2025) · read 2026-08-27
    what it says
    “The objective of this guideline is to highlight the substances of concern when used in HS and TM and is not meant to be an exhaustive list [chondroitin / chondroitin sulfate not listed in Annex A or B]”
  10. HSA — Health Supplements Guidelines, GL-CHPB-3-001 Rev 020 (Jan 2026), Table 5: Minerals Limits · read 2026-08-27
    what it says
    “Table 5: Minerals Limits … Nutrient Maximum Daily Limit Boron 6.4 mg Calcium 1200 mg Chromium 0.5 mg Copper 2 mg Iodine 0.15 mg Iron 15 mg* Magnesium 350 mg Manganese 3.5 mg … Selenium 0.2 mg Zinc 15 mg”
  11. iHerb Singapore — Chondroitin category page (default order, 8 results) · read 2026-08-27
    what it says
    “Doctor's Best, Hyaluronic Acid + Chondroitin Sulfate … NOW Foods, Chondroitin Sulfate, 600 mg … Source Naturals, Chondroitin Sulfate, 400 mg … Best Naturals, Hyaluronic Acid With Glucosamine & Chondroitin … Swanson Vitamins, Chondroitin Sulfate, 600 mg, 120 Capsules”
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Updated 2026-08-29. Every line above traces to a numbered source. Kozen-X is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. It lists what published sources have written down — nothing more. A pair not listed is unrecorded, not cleared. Before you start, stop or re-time anything, talk to your doctor or pharmacist.