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Cayenne

Supplement botanical heart & metabolicgeneral nutrition
Aka: capsaicin, Capsicum annuum, cayenne pepper
Brands seen in Singapore: California Gold Nutrition, Simply Organic, Lawry's, Frontier Co-op, The Spice Lab
Not medical advice. Check with your doctor or pharmacist before you start, stop or change the timing of anything you take.
How to use
What it’s for
Heart risk markers — pooled effects small and unstable
Studied for
Longer runs (≥ 8 weeks) looked better in subgroup analysis
Pros & cons
Pros
  • 13 randomised trials, 821 adults — a real trial base
  • Small falls in total cholesterol and diastolic bp
  • 4 cohorts, 570,762 people: lower death rates seen
Cons
  • Those falls vanished when one study was removed
  • Grade certainty was low to very low for most outcomes
  • SG bars cholesterol and hypertension claims (table 6)
Sources
  1. The effect of red pepper/capsaicin on cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and GRADE assessment (Ghoreishy SM et al.; Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2026; PMID 41856833) · read 2026-08-27
    what it says
    “Thirteen RCTs (n = 821 participants) were included … associated with small, statistically unstable reductions in total cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure; however, these effects were not robust to sensitivity analyses … low-confidence estimates”
  2. Meta-analysis evaluating the impact of chili-pepper intake on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: A systematic review (Yamani N et al.; Ann Med Surg 2021; PMID 34603712) · read 2026-08-27
    what it says
    “four potential observational studies with a population of 570,762 … reduced all-cause mortality in CP consumers compared to nonconsumers with a risk ratio (RR) of 0.75 [95% CI: 0.64-0.88; p = 0.0004; I 2 = 97%]”
  3. HSA Singapore — Health Supplements Guidelines (January 2026), Table 6: Examples of Diseases/Conditions/Disorders Not Allowed for Health Supplements · read 2026-08-27
    what it says
    “Blood and circulatory system — Hypertension, stroke, cholesterol disorders, reduces cholesterol, regulates platelet aggregation, coagulation defects, arteriosclerosis”
  4. HSA — Guidelines on Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in Health Supplements and Traditional Medicines (Oct 2025), Annex A (118 rows, Abrus to Zinc) and Annex B (4 rows) — both searched, no row for this ingredient · read 2026-08-27
    what it says
    “The objective of this guideline is to highlight the substances of concern when used in HS and TM and is not meant to be an exhaustive list.”
  5. HSA Singapore — Health Supplements Guidelines (January 2026), clause 4.8 and Tables 4–5 (vitamins and minerals only) · read 2026-08-27
    what it says
    “HS for use by the general adult population should not contain vitamins and minerals exceeding the stipulated limits stated in Tables 4 and 5.”
  6. iHerb Singapore — Cayenne Pepper category page, default order (1 - 12 of 12 results); first 5 distinct brands: California Gold Nutrition, Simply Organic, Lawry's, Frontier Co-op, The Spice Lab · read 2026-08-27
    what it says
    “California Gold Nutrition, Organic Cayenne … Simply Organic, Cayenne … Lawry's, Ground Cayenne Pepper … Frontier Co-op, Organic Cayenne … The Spice Lab, Organic Cayenne Pepper”
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Updated 2026-08-29. Every line above traces to a numbered source. Kozen-X is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. It lists what published sources have written down — nothing more. A pair not listed is unrecorded, not cleared. Before you start, stop or re-time anything, talk to your doctor or pharmacist.