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Bromelain

Supplement proteolytic enzyme bone & jointgut
Aka: pineapple enzyme
Brands seen in Singapore: California Gold Nutrition, NOW Foods, Doctor's Best, Life Extension, Nutricost
Not medical advice. Check with your doctor or pharmacist before you start, stop or change the timing of anything you take.
How to use
What it’s for
Digestive complaints, sinusitis, joint pain — unproven
Pros & cons
Pros
  • Gras in the US; side effects uncommon and mild
  • 100+ oral trials, usually described as well tolerated
  • No reports of liver injury from oral or topical use
Cons
  • Not proven of convincing benefit for any condition
  • Rare anaphylaxis; urticaria and rash reported
  • Most trials ran only 3 to 6 days, with few subjects
Sources
  1. NIH LiverTox — Bromelain, Overview · read 2026-08-27
    what it says
    “bromelain has not been proven to be of convincing benefit for any condition … The dose varies by source and medical use between 200 and 2000 mg daily”
  2. NIH LiverTox — Bromelain, adverse effects · read 2026-08-27
    what it says
    “Bromelain is generally recognized as safe (GRAS …) and side effects are uncommon and typically are mild degrees of abdominal discomfort and nausea. Hypersensitivity reactions including urticaria and rash have been reported … Rare instances of anaphylaxis have been described”
  3. NIH LiverTox — Bromelain, Hepatotoxicity · read 2026-08-27
    what it says
    “Oral bromelain has been evaluated in more than 100 clinical trials … most studies were for short term use only (3 to 6 days) and included a limited number of subjects … there have been no reports of liver injury”
  4. HSA Guidelines on prohibited and restricted ingredients in HS and TM (GL-CHPB-1-012, Oct 2025), s1.3 / Annex A · read 2026-08-27
    what it says
    “The objective of this guideline is to highlight the substances of concern when used in HS and TM and is not meant to be an exhaustive list.”
  5. HSA Health Supplements Guidelines (GL-CHPB-3-001 Rev. 020, Jan 2026), s8.1 · read 2026-08-27
    what it says
    “Currently, HS are not subject to premarket approval and licensing by HSA for their importation, manufacture and sales in Singapore.”
  6. iHerb Singapore — Bromelain category (default best-selling order) · read 2026-08-27
    what it says
    “California Gold Nutrition … NOW Foods … Doctor's Best … Life Extension … Nutricost”
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Updated 2026-08-29. Every line above traces to a numbered source. Kozen-X is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. It lists what published sources have written down — nothing more. A pair not listed is unrecorded, not cleared. Before you start, stop or re-time anything, talk to your doctor or pharmacist.