{"ok":true,"entry":{"slug":"bromelain","kind":"supplement","name":"bromelain","aliases":["pineapple enzyme"],"brands_sg":["California Gold Nutrition","NOW Foods","Doctor's Best","Life Extension","Nutricost"],"class":"proteolytic enzyme","tags":["bone-joint","gut"],"use_for":"digestive complaints, sinusitis, joint pain — unproven","use_after":null,"use_duration":null,"take_with":null,"pros":["gras in the us; side effects uncommon and mild","100+ oral trials, usually described as well tolerated","no reports of liver injury from oral or topical use"],"cons":["not proven of convincing benefit for any condition","rare anaphylaxis; urticaria and rash reported","most trials ran only 3 to 6 days, with few subjects"],"dose_note":"reported doses vary by source and medical use, between 200 and 2000 mg daily","dosage":{"ul":null,"unit":"mg","fda_dv":null,"rda_ai":null,"ul_status":"none_established","population":"general adult","hsa_max_daily":null},"ul_status":"none_established","sg_class":null,"cautions":["hypersensitivity reactions including urticaria and rash have been reported; rare anaphylaxis","made from pineapple stem and fruit — relevant if pineapple is a known allergen","not named in hsa's prohibited/restricted annex — that list is not exhaustive","hsa does not approve health supplements before sale in singapore"],"clashes":[],"sources":[{"id":"livertox_bromelain","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK600584/","label":"NIH LiverTox — Bromelain, Overview","quote":"bromelain has not been proven to be of convincing benefit for any condition … The dose varies by source and medical use between 200 and 2000 mg daily","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"livertox_bromelain_ae","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK600584/","label":"NIH LiverTox — Bromelain, adverse effects","quote":"Bromelain is generally recognized as safe (GRAS …) and side effects are uncommon and typically are mild degrees of abdominal discomfort and nausea. Hypersensitivity reactions including urticaria and rash have been reported … Rare instances of anaphylaxis have been described","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"livertox_bromelain_hep","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK600584/","label":"NIH LiverTox — Bromelain, Hepatotoxicity","quote":"Oral bromelain has been evaluated in more than 100 clinical trials … most studies were for short term use only (3 to 6 days) and included a limited number of subjects … there have been no reports of liver injury","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_pr","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-chp-prohibited-restricted-ing-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA Guidelines on prohibited and restricted ingredients in HS and TM (GL-CHPB-1-012, Oct 2025), s1.3 / Annex A","quote":"The objective of this guideline is to highlight the substances of concern when used in HS and TM and is not meant to be an exhaustive list.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_hs","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-hs-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA Health Supplements Guidelines (GL-CHPB-3-001 Rev. 020, Jan 2026), s8.1","quote":"Currently, HS are not subject to premarket approval and licensing by HSA for their importation, manufacture and sales in Singapore.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"iherb_sg","url":"https://sg.iherb.com/c/bromelain","label":"iHerb Singapore — Bromelain category (default best-selling order)","quote":"California Gold Nutrition … NOW Foods … Doctor's Best … Life Extension … Nutricost","accessed":"2026-08-27"}],"brand_certs":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-29T16:16:14.713299+08:00"},"disclaimer":"kozen-x is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. it lists what published sources have written down. absence of a record is not the same as safe."}