NAD+ precursors (NMN, nr)

“10-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial … postmenopausal women with prediabetes who were overweight or obese. Insulin-stimulated glucose disposal … and skeletal muscle insulin signaling … increased after NMN supplementation but did not change after placebo treatment”

“We administered 250 mg NMN per day to aged men for 6 or 12 weeks … well tolerated and caused no significant deleterious effect … significantly increased the NAD+ and NAD+ metabolite concentrations. There were nominally significant improvements in gait speed and performance in the left grip test, which should be validated in larger studies; however, NMN exerted no significant effect on body composition”

“80 middle-aged healthy adults … 60-day … once daily oral dosing of placebo, 300 mg, 600 mg, or 900 mg NMN … Blood NAD concentrations were statistically significantly increased among all NMN-treated groups … No safety issues … well tolerated … The HOMA-IR showed no statistically significant differences … take the capsules orally with water of ambient temperature once daily before breakfast”

“108 participants … NMN (250 mg) or placebo was administered once a day for 12 weeks … The NMN_PM group demonstrated the largest effect size for 5-STS (d = 0.72) and drowsiness (d = 0.64). Overall, NMN intake in the afternoon effectively improved lower limb function and reduced drowsiness in older adults”

“NR supplementation (500 mg, 2×/day) … is well tolerated and effectively stimulates NAD+ metabolism in healthy middle-aged and older adults … All self-reported AEs were mild in severity. The reported symptoms included nausea, flushing, leg cramps and increased bruising during the NR condition”

“Consumption of 100, 300 and 1000 mg NR dose-dependently and significantly increased whole blood NAD+ (i.e., 22%, 51% and 142%) … within 2 weeks … There were no reports of flushing and no significant differences in adverse events between the NR and placebo-treated groups … Participants were instructed to take 4 capsules daily after breakfast”

“12 wk of NR supplementation in doses of 2000 mg/d appears safe, but does not improve insulin sensitivity and whole-body glucose metabolism in obese, insulin-resistant men”

“proposed to be used in food supplements for the healthy adult population at levels up to 300 mg/day … the NF is safe under the proposed conditions of use for the healthy adult population, excluding pregnant and lactating women, and that an intake of the NF up to 230 mg/day is safe for pregnant and lactating women … a source from which nicotinamide, a form of niacin, is bioavailable”

“Nicotinamide riboside chloride … Source of vitamin B3 in vitamin waters, protein shakes, nutrition bars, gum, chews, and powdered beverages at a maximum level of 0.0057% by weight as consumed … FDA has no questions”

“NMN is excluded from the dietary supplement definition under 21 U.S.C. § 321(ff)(3)(B)(ii) and may not be marketed as or in a dietary supplement”

“September 29, 2025 … NMN is not excluded from the definition of a dietary supplement … NMN remains classified as a New Dietary Ingredient (NDI), meaning companies must still satisfy premarket notification requirements”

“12 studies with a total of 513 participants … an overall significant effect of NMN supplementation in elevating blood NAD levels. However, most of the clinically relevant outcomes were not significantly different between NMN supplementation and control group … high risk of bias in the other five studies … an exaggeration of the benefits of NMN supplementation may exist in the field”

“Current evidence does not support NMN and NR supplementation for preserving muscle mass and function in adults with mean age of over 60 years”

“Eight RCTs on NMN (dosage ranged 250-2000 mg/d for a duration of 14 days to 12 weeks) … no significant benefit of NMN on fasting glucose, fasting insulin, glycated hemoglobin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance and lipid profile … [table] Yoshino et al., 2021 USA 25 prediabetic women 10 weeks NMN (250 mg/d)”

“Fifteen trials were included … NMN doses ranged from 250-2000 mg/day, and durations ranged from 14 days to 24 weeks. NMN did not increase overall, serious, withdrawal-related, or system-specific adverse events … Broad metabolic benefits were not evident”

“75. Nicotinamide — Restricted use in HS and TM — Maximum Daily Dose: When for oral use by general adult population, the maximum recommended daily dose should not provide more than 450mg [nmn, nicotinamide riboside not listed in Annex A or B]”

“Bio-NMN 400mg … Bio-NMN Men 400mg … Bio-NMN Women 400mg”