{"ok":true,"entry":{"slug":"white-willow-bark","kind":"supplement","name":"white willow bark","aliases":["Salix alba","salicin"],"brands_sg":["Nature's Way","Super Nutrition","Nature's Answer","Solaray","Frontier Co-op"],"class":"botanical","tags":["bone-joint","general"],"use_for":"arthritis pain — a small effect at very low certainty","use_after":null,"use_duration":null,"take_with":null,"pros":["pooled RCTs show a small pain benefit"],"cons":["certainty of the evidence is rated very low","salicylate allergy needs careful assessment first","under 16 — the review says it is best avoided"],"dose_note":"one pooled trial used willow bark extract at 240 mg salicin a day for six weeks","dosage":{"ul":null,"unit":"mg","fda_dv":null,"rda_ai":null,"ul_status":"none_established","population":"general adult","hsa_max_daily":null},"ul_status":"none_established","sg_class":null,"cautions":["history of salicylate or aspirin allergy — the review says use should be carefully assessed","under 16 — the review reports willow bark was suggested to be avoided"],"clashes":[{"src":["lin2023_int"],"note":"may increase bleeding tendency","with":"anticoagulants"},{"src":["lin2023_int"],"note":"may increase the risk of stomach bleeding","with":"NSAIDs"},{"src":["lin2023_int"],"note":"may decrease the effect of those drugs","with":"beta-blockers and diuretics"}],"sources":[{"id":"lin2023","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC10607963","label":"Willow Bark (Salix spp.) Used for Pain Relief in Arthritis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (Life 2023) — results and discussion","quote":"meta-analysis showed a statistically significant difference in pain controls … quality of evidence: very low … carefully assessed for those with a history of allergy to salicylates … children under the age of 16 were suggested to avoid using willow bark","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"lin2023_int","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC10607963","label":"Same meta-analysis (Life 2023) — interaction paragraph and Table 2 study characteristics","quote":"Components in willow bark may interact with anticoagulants (increase bleeding tendency), beta-blockers and diuretics (decrease the effect of the drugs), and NSAIDs (increase the risk of stomach bleeding) … a dose of 240 mg salicin/day","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_hs","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-hs-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Guidelines on health supplements (Singapore), maximum daily limits Tables 4–5","quote":"Table 4: Vitamins Limits … Nutrient Maximum Daily Limit … Table 5: Minerals Limits","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_pr","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-chp-prohibited-restricted-ing-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Guidelines on prohibited and restricted ingredients in health supplements and traditional medicines (Oct 2025), Annex A/B","quote":"The objective of this guideline is to highlight the substances of concern when used in HS and TM and is not meant to be an exhaustive list.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"iherb_sg","url":"https://sg.iherb.com/c/white-willow-bark","label":"iHerb Singapore — White Willow Bark category page (default best-selling order)","quote":"White Willow Bark","accessed":"2026-08-27"}],"brand_certs":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-29T16:16:34.039038+08:00"},"disclaimer":"kozen-x is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. it lists what published sources have written down. absence of a record is not the same as safe."}