{"ok":true,"entry":{"slug":"theacrine","kind":"supplement","name":"theacrine","aliases":["TeaCrine","1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric acid"],"brands_sg":[],"class":"purine alkaloid","tags":["energy","fitness"],"use_for":"limited human evidence — alone it rarely beats placebo","use_after":"acute trials dosed it about 60 min before the test","use_duration":null,"take_with":"trials pair it with caffeine more often than alone","pros":["with caffeine: same vigilance gain at half the caffeine","4 weeks of 25–50 mg with dynamine: no clinical changes","soccer trial: 27–38% longer tte, but only a trend"],"cons":["flag-football rct: no gain in any physical test","4 km cycling: no gain at 3 or 6 mg/kg","6 mg/kg raised resting systolic and diastolic bp"],"dose_note":"published doses run from 50 mg inside a caffeine-and-methylliberine blend up to 9 mg per kg of body mass on its own; 3 and 6 mg/kg did not improve a 4 km cycling time trial and 6 mg/kg raised resting blood pressure, while 3–9 mg/kg raised salivary cortisol without shifting heart rate, blood pressure, subjective energy or cognition","dosage":{"ul":null,"unit":"mg","fda_dv":null,"rda_ai":null,"ul_status":"none_established","population":"general adult","hsa_max_daily":null},"ul_status":"none_established","sg_class":null,"cautions":["raised blood pressure — 6 mg/kg of body mass raised resting systolic and diastolic pressure in cyclists, and a caffeine + methylliberine + theacrine blend raised systolic pressure above placebo","long-term use — the longest published safety study ran 4 weeks, and only at 25–50 mg alongside methylliberine","treating it as a gentler caffeine — 3 to 9 mg/kg raised salivary cortisol and subjective energy did not improve","hsa: theacrine is not listed in annex a or annex b of the oct 2025 prohibited/restricted guideline, which hsa says is not exhaustive"],"clashes":[{"src":["epmc_theacrine_tactical_bp","epmc_theacrine_tactical_dose"],"food":true,"note":"a 150 mg caffeine + 100 mg methylliberine + 50 mg theacrine blend raised systolic blood pressure above placebo, though diastolic pressure rose only with caffeine alone","with":"caffeine"}],"sources":[{"id":"epmc_theacrine_structure","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/30999897","label":"The effects of TeaCrine® and caffeine on endurance and cognitive performance during a simulated match in high-level soccer players (JISSN 2019) — background","quote":"Theacrine (1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric-acid) is a pure alkaloid with a similar structure to caffeine and acts comparably as an adenosine receptor antagonist.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"epmc_theacrine_soccer","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/30999897","label":"TeaCrine® and caffeine in high-level soccer players (JISSN 2019; n = 24, four randomised sessions) — time-to-exhaustion result","quote":"TTE trended towards significance in TeaCrine® and TeaCrine® + caffeine conditions compared to placebo … The 27-38% improvements in TTE reflect increased performance capacity","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"epmc_theacrine_tactical_dose","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/36016763","label":"Effects of caffeine, methylliberine, and theacrine on vigilance, marksmanship, and hemodynamic responses in tactical personnel (JISSN 2022; n = 48) — treatments","quote":"the effects of placebo (PLA), 300 mg caffeine (CAF), and a combination of 150 mg caffeine, 100 mg methylliberine, and 50 mg theacrine (CMT)","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"epmc_theacrine_tactical_rt","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/36016763","label":"Caffeine, methylliberine and theacrine in tactical personnel (JISSN 2022) — vigilance conclusion","quote":"These findings suggest similar benefits on RT during a vigilance task between CAF, containing 300 mg caffeine, and CMT above PLA, though CAF resulted in slightly less favorable hemodynamic changes.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"epmc_theacrine_tactical_bp","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/36016763","label":"Caffeine, methylliberine and theacrine in tactical personnel (JISSN 2022) — blood pressure result","quote":"Group main effects for systolic (SBP; P = 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP; P = 0.028) indicated higher SBP in CAF … and CMT … compared to PLA but only higher DBP in CAF","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"epmc_theacrine_flagfootball","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/36360914","label":"Effects of Theacrine as a Pre-Workout Supplement (Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 22 amateur flag-football athletes, battery of physical tests)","quote":"There was no difference between the groups in any of the tests. Therefore, the findings of this study do not support the use of theacrine to increase physical performance.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"epmc_theacrine_cycling","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/40048726","label":"Different doses of theacrine do not improve 4 km cycling time trial performance (Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2025; 19 cyclists, 3 and 6 mg/kg)","quote":"the intake of theacrine at the dose of 6 mg·kg-1 increased resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure … theacrine supplementation does not improve endurance performance and provokes side effects that might restrict its use","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"epmc_theacrine_highdose","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/41950524","label":"Assessing the impact of high theacrine doses on hemodynamic measures, cognitive performance, and physiological stress (Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2026; 19 adults, 3 / 6 / 9 mg/kg vs placebo)","quote":"The effect of greater theacrine doses on subjective feelings of energy is unclear, as energy only improved in the placebo treatment … greater theacrine doses increased salivary cortisol","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"epmc_theacrine_safety4wk","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/32121218","label":"Safety of Short-Term Supplementation with Methylliberine (Dynamine®) Alone and in Combination with TeaCrine® in Young Adults (Nutrients 2020; n = 125, 4 weeks, TCR 25–50 mg)","quote":"This suggests that DYM alone or in combination with TCR consumed at the dosages used in this study does not appear to negatively affect markers of health over four weeks of continuous use.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_annex_notlisted","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-chp-prohibited-restricted-ing-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Guidelines on Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in Health Supplements and Traditional Medicines, GL-CHPB-1-012 Rev. No. 001 (Oct 2025) — Annex A (118 substances, prohibited/restricted) and Annex B (4 substances: caffeine, Camellia sinensis extract, Hypericum perforatum, L-tryptophan) both read in full: theacrine / 1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric acid is NOT LISTED in Annex A or Annex B","quote":"The objective of this guideline is to highlight the substances of concern when used in HS and TM and is not meant to be an exhaustive list.","accessed":"2026-08-27"}],"brand_certs":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-29T16:16:33.302383+08:00"},"disclaimer":"kozen-x is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. it lists what published sources have written down. absence of a record is not the same as safe."}