{"ok":true,"entry":{"slug":"sage","kind":"supplement","name":"sage","aliases":["Salvia officinalis"],"brands_sg":["Swanson Vitamins","Simply Organic","Nutricost","Nature's Answer","Solaray"],"class":"botanical","tags":["cognitive","womens-health"],"use_for":"hot flushes and memory — only small studies exist","use_after":null,"use_duration":null,"take_with":null,"pros":["4 trials, 310 women: hot flushes were less frequent","nccih: a few studies show better memory scores","nccih: food amounts likely safe, 8 weeks studied"],"cons":["nccih: only small amounts of research have been done","hot-flush severity was not significantly reduced","common sage holds thujone, toxic in large amounts"],"dose_note":"nccih gives no supplement dose; it says sage is likely safe in the amounts commonly found in foods and that larger amounts have been used safely for up to 8 weeks in research studies. the 2023 systematic review and meta-analysis pooled 4 clinical trials in 310 postmenopausal women and reports a significant effect on hot-flush frequency (ES −1.12, 95% CI −2.37 to 0.14, I² = 71%) but not on severity, without a single common dose across the trials. no rda, ul or fda daily value exists for sage, and hsa's tables 4–5 cover vitamins and minerals only, so no sg daily maximum applies","dosage":{"ul":null,"unit":"mg","fda_dv":null,"rda_ai":null,"ul_status":"none_established","population":"general adult","hsa_max_daily":null},"ul_status":"none_established","sg_class":null,"cautions":["pregnancy — nccih says sage may be unsafe because its component thujone may have harmful effects","breastfeeding — nccih says little is known about whether sage is safe then","high doses or long periods — nccih says sage may be unsafe, because common sage contains thujone","singapore: not listed in hsa annex a or b, which is not a safety clearance"],"clashes":[],"sources":[{"id":"nccih_sage","url":"https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/sage","label":"NIH NCCIH — Sage: Usefulness and Safety (Salvia officinalis, Salvia lavandulaefolia)","quote":"Only small amounts of research have been done on the use of sage for health conditions … Sage is likely safe in the amounts commonly found in foods … contain a component called thujone that can be toxic","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"moradi2023","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/37489230","label":"The Effect of Salvia Officinalis on Hot Flashes in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Moradi M, Ghavami V, Niazi A, Seraj Shirvan F, Rasa S; Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery 2023; PMID 37489230)","quote":"4 studies with number of 310 people were examined … the effect of Salvia Officinalis on the frequency [ES=-1.12 (%95 CI:-2.37; 0.14), I2=71%] of hot flashes … was significant compared to placebo, but severity … was not significant","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_hs_table6","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-hs-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA Singapore — Health Supplements Guidelines (January 2026), Table 6: Examples of Diseases/Conditions/Disorders Not Allowed for Health Supplements","quote":"Brain and nervous system — Epilepsy, fits, paralysis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinsonism, dementia … Reproductive system — Menstrual disorders, sexual dysfunction, infertility, frigidity, impotency, conception, pregnancy","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_pr_notlisted","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-chp-prohibited-restricted-ing-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Guidelines on Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in Health Supplements and Traditional Medicines (Oct 2025), Annex A (118 rows, Abrus to Zinc) and Annex B (4 rows) — both searched, no row for this ingredient","quote":"The objective of this guideline is to highlight the substances of concern when used in HS and TM and is not meant to be an exhaustive list.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_hs_limits","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-hs-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA Singapore — Health Supplements Guidelines (January 2026), clause 4.8 and Tables 4–5 (vitamins and minerals only)","quote":"HS for use by the general adult population should not contain vitamins and minerals exceeding the stipulated limits stated in Tables 4 and 5.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"iherb_sg","url":"https://sg.iherb.com/c/sage","label":"iHerb Singapore — Sage Supplements category page, default order (1 - 5 of 5 results); first 5 distinct brands: Swanson Vitamins, Simply Organic, Nutricost, Nature's Answer, Solaray","quote":"Swanson Vitamins, Sage Extract, 160 mg … Simply Organic, Sage, 1.2 oz … Nutricost, Sage, 120 Capsules … Nature's Answer, Sage Leaf Extract, Alcohol-Free, 255 mg … Solaray, Sage, 100 VegCaps","accessed":"2026-08-27"}],"brand_certs":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-29T16:16:31.341231+08:00"},"disclaimer":"kozen-x is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. it lists what published sources have written down. absence of a record is not the same as safe."}