{"ok":true,"entry":{"slug":"rosemary","kind":"supplement","name":"rosemary","aliases":["Rosmarinus officinalis","carnosic acid"],"brands_sg":["Nature's Way","Swanson Vitamins","Solaray","Eclectic Herb","Nutricost"],"class":"botanical","tags":["cognitive"],"use_for":"cognition — pooled evidence is animal, human data acute","use_after":null,"use_duration":null,"take_with":null,"pros":["23 animal studies reviewed, 15 pooled for meta-analysis","80 adults, one dose: small benefits on cognition tests","same trial logged a cerebrovascular change as well"],"cons":["the pooled cognition evidence is in lab animals","the human trial was one 250 ml drink, not daily use","sg bars dementia and alzheimer's claims (table 6)"],"dose_note":"the human trial gave a single 250 mL serving of a commercially available water containing an extract and hydrolat of rosemary and measured cognition, mood and cerebrovascular response acutely; it was not a daily-dosing study. the animal meta-analysis pooled 15 papers with 35 comparisons across varied species, extracts, doses and durations and reports substantial unexplained heterogeneity with no moderator found, so no dose can be read off it. no rda, ul or fda daily value exists for rosemary, and hsa's tables 4–5 cover vitamins and minerals only, so no sg daily maximum applies","dosage":{"ul":null,"unit":"mg","fda_dv":null,"rda_ai":null,"ul_status":"none_established","population":"general adult","hsa_max_daily":null},"ul_status":"none_established","sg_class":null,"cautions":["no long-term human trial was found — the only human data is a single acute dose","singapore: not listed in hsa annex a or b, which is not a safety clearance"],"clashes":[],"sources":[{"id":"hussain2022","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/35170682","label":"Cognition enhancing effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) in lab animal studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Hussain SM et al.; Braz J Med Biol Res 2022; PMID 35170682)","quote":"Twenty-three studies were selected for qualitative analysis and fifteen for meta-analysis … Effect sizes for intact and cognitively impaired animals were 1.19 (0.74, 1.64) and 0.57 (0.19, 0.96) … studies had a considerable amount of heterogeneity","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"moss2018","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/30318972","label":"Acute ingestion of rosemary water: Evidence of cognitive and cerebrovascular effects in healthy adults (Moss M, Smith E, Milner M, McCready J; J Psychopharmacol 2018; PMID 30318972)","quote":"Eighty healthy adults were randomly allocated to consume either 250 mL of rosemary water or plain mineral water … a number of statistically significant, small, beneficial effects of rosemary water on cognition","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_hs_table6","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-hs-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA Singapore — Health Supplements Guidelines (January 2026), Table 6: Examples of Diseases/Conditions/Disorders Not Allowed for Health Supplements","quote":"Brain and nervous system — Epilepsy, fits, paralysis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinsonism, dementia, neuropathies, drug addictions, depression, eating disorders","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_pr_notlisted","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-chp-prohibited-restricted-ing-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Guidelines on Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in Health Supplements and Traditional Medicines (Oct 2025), Annex A (118 rows, Abrus to Zinc) and Annex B (4 rows) — both searched, no row for this ingredient","quote":"The objective of this guideline is to highlight the substances of concern when used in HS and TM and is not meant to be an exhaustive list.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_hs_limits","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-hs-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA Singapore — Health Supplements Guidelines (January 2026), clause 4.8 and Tables 4–5 (vitamins and minerals only)","quote":"HS for use by the general adult population should not contain vitamins and minerals exceeding the stipulated limits stated in Tables 4 and 5.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"iherb_sg","url":"https://sg.iherb.com/c/rosemary","label":"iHerb Singapore — Rosemary Supplements category page, default order (1 - 6 of 6 results); first 5 distinct brands: Nature's Way, Swanson Vitamins, Solaray, Eclectic Herb, Nutricost","quote":"Nature's Way, Rosemary Leaf, 100 Vegan Capsules … Swanson Vitamins, Rosemary Extract, Standardized, 500 mg … Solaray, Vital Extracts, Rosemary … Eclectic Herb, Rosemary, 300 mg … Nutricost, Rosemary, 120 Capsules","accessed":"2026-08-27"}],"brand_certs":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-29T16:16:29.426925+08:00"},"disclaimer":"kozen-x is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. it lists what published sources have written down. absence of a record is not the same as safe."}