{"ok":true,"entry":{"slug":"reishi","kind":"supplement","name":"reishi","aliases":["Ganoderma lucidum","lingzhi"],"brands_sg":["California Gold Nutrition","Swanson Vitamins","Real Mushrooms","Nutricost","Nature's Way"],"class":"mushroom","tags":["immune","sleep"],"use_for":"immune markers in trials; overall evidence quality very low","use_after":"daily","use_duration":"trials ran 1 to 24 weeks at 200–11,200 mg","take_with":"one trial gave a 225 mg capsule after lunch or dinner","pros":["17 rcts, 971 people pooled in a 2025 review","immune cell counts rose in an 84-day rct in adults","that rct reported it safe and well tolerated"],"cons":["grade quality: very low across all outcomes","no change in inflammatory markers, lipids or glucose","insomnia was among side effects reported by users"],"dose_note":"the 17 trials pooled in the 2025 grade-assessed review used 200 to 11,200 mg a day for 1 to 24 weeks and the review rates the certainty of every outcome as very low; no dose is established, and the sleep evidence quoted here is from mice, not people","dosage":{"ul":null,"unit":"mg","fda_dv":null,"rda_ai":null,"ul_status":"none_established","population":"general adult","hsa_max_daily":null},"ul_status":"none_established","sg_class":null,"cautions":["the sleep claim rests on mouse work — no human sleep trial was found","on cytotoxic chemotherapy — lingzhi is commonly combined with it in asia and interaction data is thin","dry mouth, constipation, insomnia, itch and vertigo were reported by 9.1% of surveyed users","not listed in hsa's annex a/b — hsa says that list is not exhaustive"],"clashes":[{"src":["hdi2020"],"note":"lingzhi is commonly combined with cisplatin, 5-fu and paclitaxel in asia; only two clinical pharmacokinetic studies exist","with":"cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs"}],"sources":[{"id":"grade2025_scope","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC12160064","label":"The Nutritional Significance of Ganoderma lucidum on Human Health: A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials (Food Sci Nutr 2025) — scope and dose range","quote":"the impact of Ganoderma lucidum supplementation (200-11,200 mg/day, 1-24 weeks) on health-related indices … Pooled analysis of 17 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 971 participants","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"grade2025_grade","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC12160064","label":"Ganoderma lucidum GRADE-assessed systematic review, Food Sci Nutr 2025 — certainty of evidence","quote":"the quality of evidence was very low across all outcomes. Ganoderma lucidum supplementation may have modest effects on certain health indices, but the evidence is limited by very low quality.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"grade2025_null","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC12160064","label":"Ganoderma lucidum GRADE-assessed systematic review, Food Sci Nutr 2025 — null outcomes","quote":"No significant effects were observed on body fat, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, lipid profile, inflammatory markers, or liver enzymes.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"bglucan2023_immune","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC9914031","label":"Evaluation of Immune Modulation by β-1,3; 1,6 D-Glucan Derived from Ganoderma lucidum in Healthy Adult Volunteers, A Randomized Controlled Trial (Foods 2023) — immune outcomes","quote":"Participants … self-administer the interventions or placebos on a daily basis for 84 days … exhibited a significant enhancement in various immune cell populations, including CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T-lymphocytes … natural killer cell counts","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"bglucan2023_safety","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC9914031","label":"Reishi β-glucan RCT, Foods 2023 — tolerability","quote":"the intervention was found to be safe and well tolerated, with no statistically significant changes observed in markers of kidney or liver function in either group","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"survey2024_ae","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC11614793","label":"Symptom improvements and adverse effects with Reishi mushroom use: A Cross-Sectional survey of cancer patients (Integr Med Res 2024) — adverse events","quote":"Among 1374 participants … 125 (9.1 %) also reported a range of AEs, including dry mouth (5 %), constipation (4 %), insomnia (3 %), pruritus (3 %) and vertigo (3 %).","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"rei_sleep_mice2021","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC8249598","label":"Ganoderma lucidum promotes sleep through a gut microbiota-dependent and serotonin-involved pathway in mice (Sci Rep 2021)","quote":"Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal mushroom used in traditional Chinese medicine with putative tranquilizing effects … GLAA promotes sleep through a gut microbiota-dependent and serotonin-associated pathway in mice.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"rei_antiox2017","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC6130508","label":"Triterpenoids and polysaccharide peptides-enriched Ganoderma lucidum: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study in healthy volunteers (Pharm Biol 2017) — dosing schedule","quote":"Forty-two healthy subjects … requested to intake GL (n = 21) or placebo (n = 21) capsule (225 mg; after lunch or dinner) for six consecutive months","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hdi2020","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC7382813","label":"Herb-drug interactions between the medicinal mushrooms Lingzhi and Yunzhi and cytotoxic anticancer drugs: a systematic review (Chin Med 2020)","quote":"the most commonly used cytotoxic drugs with Lingzhi were cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and paclitaxel … Only two clinical pharmacokinetic studies were available showing no significant interactions between Polysaccharide K (PSK) and Tegafur","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_pr_notlisted","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-chp-prohibited-restricted-ing-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Guidelines on Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in Health Supplements and Traditional Medicines, GL-CHPB-1-012 Rev 001 (Oct 2025), Annex A/B — searched, no row for this ingredient","quote":"The objective of this guideline is to highlight the substances of concern when used in HS and TM and is not meant to be an exhaustive list.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"iherb_sg","url":"https://sg.iherb.com/c/reishi","label":"iHerb Singapore — Mushrooms > Reishi category (default order, 55 results); first 5 distinct brands: California Gold Nutrition, Swanson Vitamins, Real Mushrooms, Nutricost, Nature's Way","quote":"California Gold Nutrition, Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum), Full Spectrum … Swanson Vitamins, Reishi Mushroom, 600 mg … Real Mushrooms, Reishi, Mushroom Extract Powder … Nutricost, Reishi Mushroom … Nature's Way, Echinacea Astragalus & Reishi","accessed":"2026-08-27"}],"brand_certs":[{"brand":"Real Mushrooms","example":null,"programme":"NSF Certified for Sport","matching_products":0,"brand_total_certified":1}],"updated_at":"2026-08-30T17:59:36.026222+08:00"},"disclaimer":"kozen-x is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. it lists what published sources have written down. absence of a record is not the same as safe."}