{"ok":true,"entry":{"slug":"red-raspberry-leaf","kind":"supplement","name":"red raspberry leaf","aliases":["Rubus idaeus leaf"],"brands_sg":["Frontier Co-op","Nature's Way","Source Naturals","Vitacost","Nature's Answer"],"class":"botanical","tags":["womens-health"],"use_for":"labour preparation — the evidence base is weak","use_after":"no trial-established schedule","use_duration":null,"take_with":null,"pros":["shown to act on uterine smooth muscle in lab work","human studies have shown neither harm nor benefit","the herb most reported by pregnant women surveyed"],"cons":["a 2021 review found the evidence base weak","animal toxicity appeared at high injected doses","2024 study: results cannot be generalised, rct needed"],"dose_note":"the 2021 systematic integrative review pooled 13 studies published between 1941 and 2016 and does not establish an amount; singapore listings run from loose leaf tea to capsules of 320 mg and 475 mg of leaf","dosage":{"ul":null,"unit":"mg","fda_dv":null,"rda_ai":null,"ul_status":"none_established","population":"general adult","hsa_max_daily":null},"ul_status":"none_established","sg_class":null,"cautions":["pregnancy — human safety data are thin and inconclusive","high doses injected in animals were toxic; oral data are thinner","singapore does not allow pregnancy or conception claims on supplements"],"clashes":[],"sources":[{"id":"bowman2021","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC7871383","label":"Biophysical effects, safety and efficacy of raspberry leaf use in pregnancy: a systematic integrative review (Bowman et al., BMC Complement Med Ther 2021)","quote":"Raspberry leaf has been shown to have biophysical effects on animal and human smooth muscle including the uterus. Toxity was demonstrated when high doses were administered intravenously or intaperitoneally in animal studies. Human studies have not shown any harm or benefit","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"bowman2024","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC11034164","label":"Raspberry leaf (Rubus idaeus) use in pregnancy: a prospective observational study (Bowman et al., BMC Complement Med Ther 2024)","quote":"the results cannot be relied on or generalised to the wider population of pregnant women. While there were no safety concerns observed in our study, this should not be taken as evidence that raspberry leaf is safe. A randomised controlled trial is urgently needed","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"bowman2026","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC12998036","label":"Beyond prescription medicine in pregnancy — raspberry leaf and other herbs in Australia (Bowman et al., BMC Complement Med Ther 2026)","quote":"Raspberry leaf was the most common herb reported, with more than a third (37%) of the cohort reporting use of the herb. The most common reason for using raspberry leaf during pregnancy was to make labour easier.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_annex","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-chp-prohibited-restricted-ing-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Guidelines on Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in Health Supplements and Traditional Medicines, Version 1 (Oct 2025), Annex A (72 rows) and Annex B (4 rows: caffeine, green tea extract, St John's wort, L-tryptophan) — read from the cached PDF text on disk","quote":"The objective of this guideline is to highlight the substances of concern when used in HS and TM and is not meant to be an exhaustive list.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_table6","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-hs-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Health Supplements Guidelines, Rev. No. 020 (January 2026), Table 6: diseases/conditions not allowed for health supplements","quote":"HS must not be labelled, advertised or promoted for any specific medicinal purpose, i.e. treatment or prevention, implied or otherwise, of any disease or disorder, including its related conditions.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"iherb_sg","url":"https://sg.iherb.com/c/red-raspberry","label":"iHerb Singapore — Red Raspberry category (default order, 1 - 11 of 11 results)","quote":"Frontier Co-op, Organic Red Raspberry Leaf … Nature's Way, Raspberry Leaf, 100 Vegan Capsules (320 mg per Capsule) … Source Naturals, Ellagic Active … Vitacost, Red Raspberry Leaves … Nature's Answer, Red Raspberry, 950 mg (475 mg Per Capsule)","accessed":"2026-08-27"}],"brand_certs":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-29T16:16:29.426925+08:00"},"disclaimer":"kozen-x is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. it lists what published sources have written down. absence of a record is not the same as safe."}