{"ok":true,"entry":{"slug":"psyllium","kind":"supplement","name":"psyllium husk","aliases":["psyllium husk","ispaghula","Metamucil","Fybogel"],"brands_sg":["NOW Foods","Organic India","Swanson Vitamins","Yerba Prima","21st Century"],"class":"fiber","tags":["gut","heart"],"use_for":"constipation · ldl and total cholesterol fall in trials","use_after":"morning and evening, preferably after a meal","use_duration":null,"take_with":"at least 150 ml of cold water · plenty of fluid daily","pros":["bulks stool with fluid so it comes out softer","ldl and total cholesterol fell across 41 rcts","usually works in 2 or 3 days"],"cons":["main side effects are wind and bloating","breathing in the powder can trigger mild allergy","can change how other medicines are absorbed"],"dose_note":"the nhs lists the usual fybogel dose for constipation as one sachet of granules twice a day for adults and children aged 12 and over, made up in at least 150 ml of cold water and taken after a meal, with more than 2 litres of fluid a day; the psyllium lipid meta-analysis pooled 41 randomised trials in 2,049 adults; no rda, ul or fda daily value exists for psyllium itself — the fda daily value of 28 g covers total dietary fibre, which psyllium counts toward; hsa sets no daily limit for psyllium and it does not appear on the october 2025 prohibited/restricted annexes","dosage":{"ul":null,"unit":"g","fda_dv":null,"rda_ai":null,"ul_status":"none_established","population":"general adult","hsa_max_daily":null},"ul_status":"none_established","sg_class":null,"cautions":["difficulty swallowing or any throat problems — the nhs lists it as a reason to check first","tummy pain with feeling sick or being sick — the nhs says these can be signs of a bowel blockage","blood in poo, or an unusual change in bowel habit lasting longer than 2 weeks","phenylketonuria, or colonic atony (muscle weakness of the bowel)"],"clashes":[{"src":["nhs_fybogel_interactions"],"note":"nhs lists it among medicines to raise with a pharmacist before starting","with":"lithium"},{"src":["nhs_fybogel_interactions"],"note":"nhs lists it among medicines to raise with a pharmacist before starting","with":"carbamazepine"},{"src":["nhs_fybogel_interactions"],"note":"nhs lists it among medicines to raise with a pharmacist before starting","with":"digoxin"},{"src":["nhs_fybogel_interactions"],"note":"nhs lists them among medicines to raise with a pharmacist before starting","with":"insulin and other diabetes medicines"},{"src":["nhs_fybogel_interactions"],"note":"absorption can be affected; the nhs spaces other medicines more than an hour apart","with":"any other medicine or supplement"}],"sources":[{"id":"nhs_fybogel_about","url":"https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/fybogel-ispaghula-husk/about-fybogel-ispaghula-husk/","label":"NHS — About Fybogel (ispaghula husk) (page last reviewed 13 January 2026)","quote":"a laxative taken to treat constipation … works by bulking poo up with fluid so that it's softer … usually takes 2 or 3 days to work … main side effects are wind and bloating","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nhs_fybogel_allergy","url":"https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/fybogel-ispaghula-husk/about-fybogel-ispaghula-husk/","label":"NHS — About Fybogel (ispaghula husk), Key facts (page last reviewed 13 January 2026)","quote":"It's possible to have a mild allergic reaction to Fybogel such as itchy eyes, nose or skin. To help avoid this, try not to breathe in the powder.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nhs_fybogel_dose","url":"https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/fybogel-ispaghula-husk/how-and-when-to-take-fybogel/","label":"NHS — How and when to take Fybogel (page last reviewed 13 January 2026)","quote":"for adults and children aged 12 years and over – 1 sachet of granules twice a day … Add at least 150ml of cold water … drink more than 2 litres, or around 8 glasses, of fluid each day","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nhs_fybogel_who","url":"https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/fybogel-ispaghula-husk/who-can-and-cannot-take-fybogel/","label":"NHS — Who can and cannot take Fybogel (page last reviewed 13 January 2026)","quote":"tell your doctor or pharmacist before taking Fybogel if you have … any changes in your poo, such as having blood in it … muscle weakness of the bowel (colonic atony) … difficulty swallowing or any throat problems … phenylketonuria","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nhs_fybogel_interactions","url":"https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/fybogel-ispaghula-husk/taking-fybogel-with-other-medicines-and-herbal-supplements/","label":"NHS — Taking Fybogel with other medicines and herbal supplements (page last reviewed 13 January 2026)","quote":"Fybogel can change the way some medicines work … lithium … carbamazepine … digoxin … insulin or any other medicine for diabetes … mesalazine … take it more than an hour before or after you take Fybogel","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"psyllium_lipids2025","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC12690803","label":"Psyllium supplementation and lipid profiles: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Genes & Nutrition, 2025; PMID 41366295)","quote":"41 Randomized Controlled Trials articles and 2049 participants were included. Psyllium showed a significant decrease in Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and total Cholesterol, a nonsignificant reduction in Triglyceride","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"fda_dv","url":"https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels","label":"FDA — Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels, 'Current Daily Value' table (Dietary Fiber row)","quote":"Nutrient | Current Daily Value … Dietary Fiber | 28g","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_hs_guidelines","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-hs-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Health Supplements Guidelines GL-CHPB-3-001 Rev. 020 (January 2026), s3 working definition + clause 4.8 (Tables 4–5 cover vitamins and minerals only)","quote":"a. Vitamins, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids, enzymes, probiotics and other bioactive substances … 4.8 HS for use by the general adult population should not contain vitamins and minerals exceeding the stipulated limits stated in Tables 4 and 5","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_prohibited_2025","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-chp-prohibited-restricted-ing-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Guidelines on Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in Health Supplements and Traditional Medicines, GL-CHPB-1-012 Rev. 001 (October 2025), clause 1.3 + Annex A/B","quote":"The objective of this guideline is to highlight the substances of concern when used in HS and TM and is not meant to be an exhaustive list [no psyllium, ispaghula or Plantago row in Annex A or B]","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"iherb_sg","url":"https://sg.iherb.com/c/psyllium-husk","label":"iHerb Singapore — 'Psyllium Husk' category page (Herbs), default order, 63 results","quote":"NOW Foods, Whole Psyllium Husks … Organic India, Psyllium, Whole Husk Fiber … Swanson Vitamins, Psyllium Husks, 610 mg … Yerba Prima, Psyllium Whole Husks … 21st Century, Psyllium Fiber","accessed":"2026-08-27"}],"brand_certs":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-29T16:16:29.426925+08:00"},"disclaimer":"kozen-x is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. it lists what published sources have written down. absence of a record is not the same as safe."}