{"ok":true,"entry":{"slug":"phosphatidylserine","kind":"supplement","name":"phosphatidylserine","aliases":["PS","Sharp-PS"],"brands_sg":["California Gold Nutrition","Doctor's Best","EVLution Nutrition","NOW Foods","Life Extension"],"class":"phospholipid","tags":["cognitive","sleep"],"use_for":"limited evidence — memory in older adults","use_after":"daily","use_duration":"trials ran 6 weeks to 6 months at 200–600 mg","take_with":null,"pros":["200–600 mg improved memory in older adults","cortisol-lowering is documented in stressed groups","in adhd, 3 of 5 studies improved attention"],"cons":["gains may come from dha freed in digestion, not ps","a 2026 review: not supported as a cognitive enhancer","no sleep trials exist — the sleep link is indirect"],"dose_note":"the clinical studies summarised in the 2026 sleep review used 200–600 mg a day for 6 weeks to 6 months in older adults; capsules listed on sg.iherb.com are labelled 100–150 mg, and several combine ps with alpha-gpc or dha, so a label figure is not the same as a studied dose","dosage":{"ul":null,"unit":"mg","fda_dv":null,"rda_ai":null,"ul_status":"none_established","population":"older adults — most trials","hsa_max_daily":null},"ul_status":"none_established","sg_class":null,"cautions":["children — the adhd data are mixed and small","mental health conditions — reviewed as investigational","no direct sleep trials exist — the link is inferred","not listed in hsa annex a or b (oct 2025) — not a clearance"],"clashes":[],"sources":[{"id":"nr_ps_cognition","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13075487","label":"Dietary Protocols to Promote and Improve Restful Sleep: A Narrative Review (Nutrition Reviews 2026) — phosphatidylserine section, clinical doses","quote":"Converging evidence from clinical studies demonstrates that supplemental doses of 200-600 mg/d of phosphatidylserine, administered over a period of 6 weeks to 6 months, significantly improve cognitive function and memory performance in elderly individuals","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nr_ps_dha","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13075487","label":"Nutrition Reviews 2026 — phosphatidylserine section, DHA confound","quote":"it remains unclear whether these cognitive benefits are attributable to the exogenous supply of this nutraceutical per se as opposed to DHA released during digestion","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nr_ps_cortisol","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13075487","label":"Nutrition Reviews 2026 — phosphatidylserine section, cortisol","quote":"the cortisol-reducing properties of phosphatidylserine are well documented in chronically stressed populations and may be especially relevant to improve recovery and performance outcomes in athletic and military cohorts","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nr_ps_sleepgap","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13075487","label":"Nutrition Reviews 2026 — phosphatidylserine section, absence of sleep trials","quote":"while dietary interventions to investigate the potential benefits of phosphatidylserine on sleep measures are currently not available, the findings presented above suggest that … phosphatidylserine may help restore and maintain the neurochemical balance that is conducive to restful sleep","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nr_ps_subsidiary","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13075487","label":"Nutrition Reviews 2026 — conclusion, how the review ranks these ingredients","quote":"ashwagandha, myoinositol, Rhodiola rosea, and phosphatidylserine may be considered as subsidiary sleep aids by working in synergy with other soporific nutrients or by addressing concomitant physiological mechanisms","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ps_sr_adhd","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.70058","label":"The Impact of Citicoline/Phosphatidylserine Supplementation on Cognitive Performance and Executive Functions in Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials (Hum Psychopharmacol 2026) — results","quote":"Regarding ADHD, PS-containing supplementation produced significant improvements in attention and impulsivity in three studies, whereas two studies found no significant differences … findings were heterogeneous and inconsistent across diagnostic groups","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ps_sr_conclusion","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.70058","label":"Hum Psychopharmacol 2026 systematic review — conclusion","quote":"Given methodological limitations and high risk of bias, current evidence does not support citicoline or PS-containing compounds as effective cognitive enhancers in mental disorders … these agents should be positioned as adjunctive or investigational","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_prohibited_2025","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-chp-prohibited-restricted-ing-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Guidelines on Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in Health Supplements and Traditional Medicines, GL-CHPB-1-012 Rev. No. 001 (Oct 2025)","quote":"The objective of this guideline is to highlight the substances of concern when used in HS and TM and is not meant to be an exhaustive list","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"iherb_sg","url":"https://sg.iherb.com/c/phosphatidylserine","label":"iHerb Singapore — Phosphatidylserine category (default order); first 5 distinct brands in page order: California Gold Nutrition, Doctor's Best, EVLution Nutrition, NOW Foods, Life Extension","quote":"Sunflower Phosphatidylserine, 100 mg, 120 Veggie Capsules … Phosphatidyl Serine, 100 mg, 120 Veggie Caps … Phosphatidyl Serine, 60 Veggie Capsules (150 mg per Capsule) … Phosphatidyl Serine, 120 Veg Capsules … PS Caps, 100 mg, 100 Vegetarian Capsules","accessed":"2026-08-27"}],"brand_certs":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-29T16:16:27.496708+08:00"},"disclaimer":"kozen-x is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. it lists what published sources have written down. absence of a record is not the same as safe."}