{"ok":true,"entry":{"slug":"passionflower","kind":"supplement","name":"passionflower","aliases":["Passiflora incarnata","passion flower"],"brands_sg":["California Gold Nutrition","Swanson Vitamins","Nature's Answer","Nutricost","Solaray"],"class":"botanical","tags":["sleep"],"use_for":"sold for anxiety and sleep · not studied extensively","use_after":null,"use_duration":null,"take_with":"taken as a tea or an extract","pros":["small studies: may reduce symptoms of anxiety","2020 review of 9 trials saw no adverse effects","some evidence for longer total sleep time"],"cons":["nccih: conclusions are not definite","effects on falling and staying asleep are mixed","might interact with anaesthesia around surgery"],"dose_note":"nccih frames safety by duration rather than dose — passionflower tea may be safe for up to 7 nights and daily extract use for up to 8 weeks; the 2020 systematic review's nine trials ran from one day to 30 days. no rda, ul or fda daily value exists for passionflower, and hsa's tables 4–5 cover vitamins and minerals only, so no sg daily maximum applies","dosage":{"ul":null,"unit":"mg","fda_dv":null,"rda_ai":null,"ul_status":"none_established","population":"general adult","hsa_max_daily":null},"ul_status":"none_established","sg_class":null,"cautions":["surgery within 2 weeks — nccih flags anaesthesia interactions","pregnancy — nccih: should not be used, may induce contractions","breastfeeding — little is known about safety","singapore: not listed in hsa annex a or b, which is not a safety clearance"],"clashes":[{"src":["nccih_pf_safety"],"note":"nccih: might slow down the nervous system too much","with":"anaesthesia and peri-surgical medicines"}],"sources":[{"id":"nccih_pf","url":"https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/passionflower","label":"NIH NCCIH — Passionflower, promoted uses and how much do we know","quote":"Today, passionflower is promoted as a dietary supplement for anxiety (including anxiety before surgery), sleep problems, stress, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), pain, and other conditions … hasn't been studied extensively.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nccih_pf_evidence","url":"https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/passionflower","label":"NIH NCCIH — Passionflower, what have we learned (anxiety)","quote":"A small amount of research suggests that oral passionflower might help to reduce symptoms of anxiety and anxiety before a surgical or dental procedure, but conclusions are not definite.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nccih_pf_sleep","url":"https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/passionflower","label":"NIH NCCIH — Passionflower, what have we learned (sleep)","quote":"A small amount of research suggests that oral passionflower might improve total sleep time in adults with insomnia, but its effects on the time it takes to fall asleep and stay asleep are mixed.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nccih_pf_safety","url":"https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/passionflower","label":"NIH NCCIH — Passionflower, what do we know about safety","quote":"taken as a tea for up to 7 nights, and the daily use of passionflower extract may be safe for up to 8 weeks … anesthesia … might slow down the nervous system too much.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nccih_pf_pregnancy","url":"https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/passionflower","label":"NIH NCCIH — Passionflower, pregnancy and breastfeeding","quote":"Passionflower should not be used during pregnancy as it may induce uterine contractions and possibly lead to other problems. Little is known about whether it's safe to use passionflower while breastfeeding.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"janda2020","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/33352740","label":"Passiflora incarnata in Neuropsychiatric Disorders — A Systematic Review (Janda K, Wojtkowska K, Jakubczyk K, Antoniewicz J, Skonieczna-Żydecka K; Nutrients 2020; PMID 33352740)","quote":"The systematic review included nine clinical trials … The majority of studies reported reduced anxiety levels … with the effect less evident in people with mild anxiety symptoms. No adverse effects … were observed.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_pr_notlisted","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-chp-prohibited-restricted-ing-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Guidelines on Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in Health Supplements and Traditional Medicines (Oct 2025), Annex A (118 rows, Abrus to Zinc) and Annex B (4 rows) — both searched, no row for this ingredient","quote":"The objective of this guideline is to highlight the substances of concern when used in HS and TM and is not meant to be an exhaustive list.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_hs_limits","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-hs-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA Singapore — Health Supplements Guidelines (January 2026), clause 4.8 and Tables 4–5 (vitamins and minerals only)","quote":"HS for use by the general adult population should not contain vitamins and minerals exceeding the stipulated limits stated in Tables 4 and 5.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"iherb_sg","url":"https://sg.iherb.com/c/passion-flower","label":"iHerb Singapore — Herbs > Passion Flower Supplements category page, default order (1 - 19 of 19 results); first 5 distinct brands: California Gold Nutrition, Swanson Vitamins, Nature's Answer, Nutricost, Solaray","quote":"California Gold Nutrition, Goodnight Sleep … Swanson Vitamins, Full Spectrum® Passion Flower, 500 mg … Nature's Answer, Passionflower Aerial Parts … Nutricost, Passion Flower Extract … Solaray, True Herbs, Passion Flower","accessed":"2026-08-27"}],"brand_certs":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-29T16:16:27.496708+08:00"},"disclaimer":"kozen-x is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. it lists what published sources have written down. absence of a record is not the same as safe."}