{"ok":true,"entry":{"slug":"moringa","kind":"supplement","name":"moringa","aliases":["Moringa oleifera","drumstick tree","malunggay"],"brands_sg":["MRM Nutrition","Nature's Truth","Swanson Vitamins","Micro Ingredients","Organic India"],"class":"botanical","tags":["general","energy"],"use_for":"2025 meta-analysis: no consistent cardiometabolic benefit","use_after":null,"use_duration":"subgroup signal appeared past 12 weeks, at under 10 g/day","take_with":null,"pros":["9 rcts, 341 vs 308 adults, cochrane rob 2 + grade","diastolic bp fell modestly (smd −0.41)","subgroups under 10 g/day and past 12 weeks did better"],"cons":["no significant effect on most outcomes pooled","certainty of evidence: very low for every outcome","heterogeneity often above 80%; dbp effect not robust"],"dose_note":"the 2025 meta-analysis is the most complete picture available and it is a negative one: nine randomised controlled trials (12 study arms, 341 participants on moringa and 308 controls) showed no significant effects on most cardiometabolic outcomes, the one modest diastolic blood-pressure reduction (smd -0.41) was not robust in sensitivity analyses, and risk of bias, heterogeneity frequently above 80%, indirectness and methodological limitations reduced the certainty of evidence to very low for every outcome evaluated; the only amount its authors name is a subgroup boundary rather than a recommendation — potential benefits appeared at doses under 10 g a day, in participants under 50, and in interventions lasting 12 weeks or longer; a 2024 systematic review of 129 papers describes antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antihypertensive and cytoprotective properties of moringa extracts, but that is a breadth-of-literature review, not a pooled human effect; hsa's october 2025 annex a (118 rows) and annex b (4 rows) do not list moringa oleifera, and hsa's tables 4 and 5 cap vitamins and minerals only, so no singapore daily limit exists for it","dosage":{"ul":null,"unit":"g","fda_dv":null,"rda_ai":null,"ul_status":"none_established","population":"general adult","hsa_max_daily":null},"ul_status":"none_established","sg_class":null,"cautions":["the 2025 pool found no consistent benefit and graded every outcome very low certainty","on glucose or blood-pressure medicine — a 2024 review reports hypoglycemic and antihypertensive activity","not listed in hsa's prohibited or restricted annexes — that is not a safety finding","no singapore daily limit — hsa tables 4–5 cover vitamins and minerals only"],"clashes":[],"sources":[{"id":"epmc_moringa_2025","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/41305552","label":"Crișan et al., Effects of Moringa oleifera Lam. Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis of RCTs with GRADE Assessment (Nutrients 2025, PMID 41305552) — scope and headline","quote":"Nine RCTs (12 study arms) involving 341 participants in the intervention and 308 in the control groups met inclusion criteria. Moringa supplementation showed no significant effects on most considered outcomes.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"epmc_moringa_2025_methods","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/41305552","label":"Crișan et al. 2025 (PMID 41305552) — methods","quote":"risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool, while the certainty of evidence was evaluated using GRADE assessment","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"epmc_moringa_2025_dbp","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/41305552","label":"Crișan et al. 2025 (PMID 41305552) — diastolic blood pressure","quote":"A modest reduction in diastolic blood pressure (SMD: -0.41; 95% CI: -0.75 to -0.07) was observed; however, this effect was not robust in sensitivity analyses.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"epmc_moringa_2025_subgroups","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/41305552","label":"Crișan et al. 2025 (PMID 41305552) — subgroup analyses","quote":"Subgroup analyses suggested potential benefits at doses <10 g/day, in participants <50 years old, and in interventions lasting ≥12 weeks.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"epmc_moringa_2025_limits","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/41305552","label":"Crișan et al. 2025 (PMID 41305552) — certainty of evidence and conclusion","quote":"risk of bias, substantial heterogeneity (I² frequently >80%), indirectness, and methodological limitations reduced the overall certainty of evidence to very low for all the evaluated outcomes … Current evidence does not support consistent cardiometabolic benefits","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"epmc_moringa_f1000_2024","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/39895949","label":"Soto et al., Biological properties of Moringa oleifera: A systematic review of the last decade (F1000Research 2024, PMID 39895949)","quote":"the biological activity of Moringa oleifera in human health was explored through a review of 129 original articles published between 2010 and 2021 … Moringa oleifera extracts showed antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antihypertensive and cytoprotective properties","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_prohibited","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-chp-prohibited-restricted-ing-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA Singapore — Guidelines on Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in Health Supplements and Traditional Medicines, GL-CHPB-1-012 Rev. No. 001 (October 2025), Annex A (118 rows) and Annex B (4 rows) — Moringa oleifera NOT LISTED in either (Annex A neighbours: 64. Magnolia officinalis, 71. Mucuna)","quote":"The objective of this guideline is to highlight the substances of concern when used in HS and TM and is not meant to be an exhaustive list.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_hs_guidelines","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-hs-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA Singapore — Health Supplements Guidelines GL-CHPB-3-001 Rev. No. 020 (January 2026), clause 4.8 with Tables 4–5 (vitamins and minerals only — no botanical or bee-product rows)","quote":"4.8 HS for use by the general adult population should not contain vitamins and minerals exceeding the stipulated limits stated in Tables 4 and 5.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"iherb_sg","url":"https://sg.iherb.com/c/moringa","label":"iHerb Singapore — Moringa category page, default listing order","quote":"1 - 48 of 57 results … MRM Nutrition, Moringa Leaf … MRM Nutrition, Organic Moringa Powder … Nature's Truth, Moringa Oleifera … Swanson Vitamins, Full Spectrum® Moringa Oleifera, 400 mg … Micro Ingredients, Organic Moringa Powder … Organic India, Moringa","accessed":"2026-08-27"}],"brand_certs":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-29T16:16:26.600885+08:00"},"disclaimer":"kozen-x is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. it lists what published sources have written down. absence of a record is not the same as safe."}