{"ok":true,"entry":{"slug":"magnesium-l-threonate","kind":"supplement","name":"magnesium L-threonate","aliases":["Magtein","Neuro-Mag"],"brands_sg":["California Gold Nutrition","NOW Foods","Doctor's Best","Life Extension","Thorne"],"class":"mineral chelate","tags":["cognitive","sleep"],"use_for":"limited human evidence — two small trials on memory","use_after":"timing not addressed","use_duration":"trials ran 6 and 12 weeks daily","take_with":"water · labels give elemental magnesium, not compound","pros":["6-week rct: better overall cognition score vs placebo","12-week rct in adults 50–70: composite score up","well tolerated, no significant adverse reactions"],"cons":["two small trials (n=100 and n=44), branded ingredient","no group difference on objective sleep measures","nih ods does not mention l-threonate at all"],"dose_note":"the 2025 trial used 2 g a day of magnesium l-threonate (magtein) for 6 weeks in 100 adults aged 18–45 with dissatisfied sleep, and the 2016 mmfs-01 trial ran 12 weeks in 44 adults aged 50–70 with cognitive impairment; no rda or ul exists for the threonate form itself — the fnb's 350 mg/day ul and hsa's 350 mg/day limit apply to supplemental elemental magnesium, and labels declare elemental magnesium rather than the weight of the whole compound","dosage":{"ul":"350 mg","unit":"mg (elemental)","fda_dv":"420 mg","rda_ai":"400–420 mg men · 310–320 mg women (19+), all sources, elemental","ul_status":"established","population":"general adult","hsa_max_daily":"350 mg"},"ul_status":"established","sg_class":null,"cautions":["kidney disease — toxicity risk rises when the kidneys clear magnesium poorly; a doctor's call first","new or worsening memory problems — a doctor's assessment comes first","on bisphosphonates, tetracyclines or quinolones — spacing matters; a pharmacist can time it","long-term proton pump inhibitor use — low blood magnesium has been reported"],"clashes":[{"src":["nih_ods_mg_interactions"],"note":"magnesium cuts their absorption; 2 h gap either side","with":"oral bisphosphonates (alendronate)"},{"src":["nih_ods_mg_interactions"],"note":"insoluble complexes form; antibiotic 2 h before or 4–6 h after magnesium","with":"tetracycline and quinolone antibiotics (doxycycline, ciprofloxacin)"},{"src":["nih_ods_mg_diuretics"],"note":"chronic use raises urinary magnesium loss; potassium-sparing diuretics do the opposite","with":"loop and thiazide diuretics (furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide)"},{"src":["nih_ods_mg_ppi"],"note":"low blood magnesium reported with use beyond about a year","with":"proton pump inhibitors (esomeprazole, lansoprazole)"}],"sources":[{"id":"nih_ods_mg_rda","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Magnesium (Health Professional), updated January 6, 2026; read via web.archive.org capture 25 Aug 2026 — Table 1 RDAs","quote":"Table 1: Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for Magnesium in Milligrams (mg) … 19–30 years | 400 mg | 310 mg … 31–50 years | 420 mg | 320 mg … 51+ years | 420 mg | 320 mg","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nih_ods_mg_ul","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Magnesium (Health Professional), updated January 6, 2026; read via web.archive.org capture 25 Aug 2026 — Health Risks from Excessive Magnesium (UL)","quote":"The Tolerable Upper Intake Level for supplemental magnesium is 350 mg for adults … The ULs only include magnesium from dietary supplements and medications; they do not include magnesium found naturally in food and beverages","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nih_ods_mg_forms","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Magnesium (Health Professional), updated January 6, 2026; read via web.archive.org capture 25 Aug 2026 — Dietary Supplements (absorption by form)","quote":"Small studies have found that magnesium in the aspartate, citrate, lactate, and chloride forms is absorbed more completely and is more bioavailable than magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nih_ods_mg_kidney","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Magnesium (Health Professional), updated January 6, 2026; read via web.archive.org capture 25 Aug 2026 — Health Risks from Excessive Magnesium (renal function)","quote":"The risk of magnesium toxicity increases with impaired renal function or kidney failure because the ability to remove excess magnesium is reduced or lost","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nih_ods_mg_interactions","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Magnesium (Health Professional), updated January 6, 2026; read via web.archive.org capture 25 Aug 2026 — Interactions with Medications (bisphosphonates, antibiotics)","quote":"Taking magnesium-rich supplements or medications at least 2 hours before or after oral bisphosphonates can minimize this interaction … These antibiotics should be taken at least 2 hours before or 4 to 6 hours after a magnesium-containing supplement","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nih_ods_mg_ppi","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Magnesium (Health Professional), updated January 6, 2026; read via web.archive.org capture 25 Aug 2026 — Interactions with Medications (proton pump inhibitors)","quote":"Prescription proton pump inhibitor (PPI) drugs … can cause hypomagnesemia when taken for prolonged periods (typically more than a year)","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nih_ods_mg_diuretics","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Magnesium (Health Professional), updated January 6, 2026; read via web.archive.org capture 25 Aug 2026 — Interactions with Medications (diuretics)","quote":"Chronic treatment with loop diuretics … and thiazide diuretics … can increase the loss of magnesium in urine and lead to magnesium depletion … potassium-sparing diuretics … reduce magnesium excretion","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nih_ods_mg_label","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Magnesium (Health Professional), updated January 6, 2026; read via web.archive.org capture 25 Aug 2026 — Dietary Supplements (elemental magnesium on labels)","quote":"The Supplement Facts panel on a dietary supplement label declares the amount of elemental magnesium in the product, not the weight of the entire magnesium-containing compound","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nih_ods_mg_dv","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Magnesium (Health Professional), updated January 6, 2026; read via web.archive.org capture 25 Aug 2026 — Sources of Magnesium: Food (Daily Value note)","quote":"The DV for magnesium is 420 mg for adults and children age 4 years and older","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"lopresti2025","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC12832366","label":"The effects of magnesium L-threonate (Magtein®) on cognitive performance and sleep quality in adults: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (Lopresti & Smith, Front Nutr 2025) — Results: cognition","quote":"Compared to the placebo, Magtein® was associated with greater improvements in overall cognitive performance as measured by the NIH Total Cognition Composite (p = 0.043), with larger treatment effects on working and episodic memory","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"lopresti2025_methods","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC12832366","label":"The effects of magnesium L-threonate (Magtein®) on cognitive performance and sleep quality in adults (Lopresti & Smith, Front Nutr 2025) — Methods","quote":"One hundred adults aged 18 to 45 with self-reported dissatisfied sleep were supplemented with 2 g daily of Magtein® or a placebo … two-arm, 6-week, parallel-group, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"lopresti2025_sleep","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC12832366","label":"The effects of magnesium L-threonate (Magtein®) on cognitive performance and sleep quality in adults (Lopresti & Smith, Front Nutr 2025) — Results: sleep","quote":"there was a greater improvement in sleep-related impairment (p = 0.043), but no group differences in changes in sleep disturbances … Based on data from the sleep tracking ring, there were no group differences in sleep outcomes","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"lopresti2025_safety","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC12832366","label":"The effects of magnesium L-threonate (Magtein®) on cognitive performance and sleep quality in adults (Lopresti & Smith, Front Nutr 2025) — Tolerability","quote":"Magtein® was well-tolerated, and there were no reports of significant adverse reactions","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"liu2016","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC4927823","label":"Efficacy and Safety of MMFS-01, a Synapse Density Enhancer, for Treating Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial (Liu et al., J Alzheimers Dis 2016)","quote":"Subjects were treated with MMFS-01 (n = 23) or placebo (n = 21) for 12 weeks … overall cognitive ability improved significantly relative to placebo (p = 0.003; Cohen's d = 0.91) … age 50-70","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"liu2016_sleep","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC4927823","label":"Efficacy and Safety of MMFS-01 … (Liu et al., J Alzheimers Dis 2016) — sleep and anxiety outcomes","quote":"Due to the strong placebo effects on sleep and anxiety, the effects of MMFS-01 on sleep and anxiety could not be determined","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_hs_limits","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-hs-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Health Supplements Guidelines GL-CHPB-3-001 (January 2026), clause 4.8 and Table 5 Minerals Limits","quote":"HS for use by the general adult population should not contain vitamins and minerals exceeding the stipulated limits stated in Tables 4 and 5 … Table 5: Minerals Limits … Magnesium 350 mg","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_prohibited_2025","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-chp-prohibited-restricted-ing-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Guidelines on Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in HS and TM (October 2025), clause 1.3 and Annex B row 65 (Magnesium)","quote":"The objective of this guideline is to highlight the substances of concern … 65. Magnesium — Restricted use in HS and TM … the maximum recommended daily dose should not provide more than 350mg","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"iherb_sg","url":"https://sg.iherb.com/c/magnesium","label":"iHerb Singapore — 'Magnesium' category page, default order, 817 results","quote":"California Gold Nutrition, Magnesium Bisglycinate Chelate, Albion TRAACS® … NOW Foods, Magnesium Glycinate … Doctor's Best, High Absorption Magnesium Lysinate Glycinate … Life Extension, Neuro-Mag®, Magnesium L-Threonate … Thorne, Magnesium Glycinate","accessed":"2026-08-27"}],"brand_certs":[{"brand":"Thorne","example":null,"programme":"NSF Certified for Sport","matching_products":0,"brand_total_certified":66}],"updated_at":"2026-08-30T17:59:36.026222+08:00"},"disclaimer":"kozen-x is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. it lists what published sources have written down. absence of a record is not the same as safe."}