{"ok":true,"entry":{"slug":"magnesium-citrate","kind":"supplement","name":"magnesium citrate","aliases":["Mg citrate"],"brands_sg":["California Gold Nutrition","NOW Foods","Doctor's Best","Life Extension","Thorne"],"class":"mineral salt","tags":["gut","sleep"],"use_for":"topping up magnesium · citrate absorbs better than oxide","use_after":"timing not addressed · 2 h+ from bisphosphonates","use_duration":null,"take_with":"water · higher doses draw water into the bowel","pros":["among the better-absorbed forms per nih ods","rda is 310–420 mg a day for adults; food counts","hsa allows muscle, nerve and electrolyte claims"],"cons":["magnesium salts are osmotic — diarrhea and cramping","ul 350 mg a day from supplements — food doesn't count","sleep data cover magnesium broadly, not citrate"],"dose_note":"the rda is 400–420 mg a day for men and 310–320 mg for women from all sources; the ul of 350 mg a day covers supplements and medicines only, not food; nih ods lists citrate among the forms absorbed more completely than oxide and sulfate, and describes the laxative effect of magnesium salts as osmotic; hsa's limit for general-adult health supplements in singapore is 350 mg a day; labels declare elemental magnesium, not the weight of the whole compound","dosage":{"ul":"350 mg","unit":"mg (elemental)","fda_dv":"420 mg","rda_ai":"400–420 mg men · 310–320 mg women (19+), all sources","ul_status":"established","population":"general adult","hsa_max_daily":"350 mg"},"ul_status":"established","sg_class":null,"cautions":["kidney disease — toxicity risk rises when the kidneys clear magnesium poorly; a doctor's call first","on levothyroxine — magnesium lowers its absorption; separate dosing is the label's own advice","on bisphosphonates, tetracyclines or quinolones — spacing matters; a pharmacist can time it","persistent constipation or diarrhea — a doctor's assessment comes first"],"clashes":[{"src":["nih_ods_mg_interactions"],"note":"magnesium cuts their absorption; 2 h gap either side","with":"oral bisphosphonates (alendronate)"},{"src":["nih_ods_mg_interactions"],"note":"insoluble complexes form; antibiotic 2 h before or 4–6 h after magnesium","with":"tetracycline and quinolone antibiotics (doxycycline, ciprofloxacin)"},{"src":["nih_ods_mg_diuretics"],"note":"chronic use raises urinary magnesium loss; potassium-sparing diuretics do the opposite","with":"loop and thiazide diuretics (furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide)"},{"src":["nih_ods_mg_ppi"],"note":"low blood magnesium reported with use beyond about a year","with":"proton pump inhibitors (esomeprazole, lansoprazole)"},{"src":["attinger2025"],"note":"crossover trial: magnesium citrate cut thyroxine auc by 7% (not significant); separated dosing is advised","with":"levothyroxine"}],"sources":[{"id":"nih_ods_mg_rda","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Magnesium (Health Professional), updated January 6, 2026; read via web.archive.org capture 25 Aug 2026 — Table 1 RDAs","quote":"Table 1: Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for Magnesium in Milligrams (mg) … 19–30 years | 400 mg | 310 mg … 31–50 years | 420 mg | 320 mg … 51+ years | 420 mg | 320 mg","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nih_ods_mg_ul","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Magnesium (Health Professional), updated January 6, 2026; read via web.archive.org capture 25 Aug 2026 — Health Risks from Excessive Magnesium (UL)","quote":"The Tolerable Upper Intake Level for supplemental magnesium is 350 mg for adults … The ULs only include magnesium from dietary supplements and medications; they do not include magnesium found naturally in food and beverages","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nih_ods_mg_forms","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Magnesium (Health Professional), updated January 6, 2026; read via web.archive.org capture 25 Aug 2026 — Dietary Supplements (absorption by form)","quote":"Small studies have found that magnesium in the aspartate, citrate, lactate, and chloride forms is absorbed more completely and is more bioavailable than magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nih_ods_mg_gi","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Magnesium (Health Professional), updated January 6, 2026; read via web.archive.org capture 25 Aug 2026 — Health Risks from Excessive Magnesium (GI effects)","quote":"The forms of magnesium that are most commonly reported to cause diarrhea include magnesium carbonate, chloride, gluconate, and oxide … The diarrhea and laxative effects of magnesium salts are due to the osmotic activity of unabsorbed salts","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nih_ods_mg_kidney","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Magnesium (Health Professional), updated January 6, 2026; read via web.archive.org capture 25 Aug 2026 — Health Risks from Excessive Magnesium (renal function)","quote":"The risk of magnesium toxicity increases with impaired renal function or kidney failure because the ability to remove excess magnesium is reduced or lost","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nih_ods_mg_interactions","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Magnesium (Health Professional), updated January 6, 2026; read via web.archive.org capture 25 Aug 2026 — Interactions with Medications (bisphosphonates, antibiotics)","quote":"Taking magnesium-rich supplements or medications at least 2 hours before or after oral bisphosphonates can minimize this interaction … These antibiotics should be taken at least 2 hours before or 4 to 6 hours after a magnesium-containing supplement","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nih_ods_mg_ppi","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Magnesium (Health Professional), updated January 6, 2026; read via web.archive.org capture 25 Aug 2026 — Interactions with Medications (proton pump inhibitors)","quote":"Prescription proton pump inhibitor (PPI) drugs … can cause hypomagnesemia when taken for prolonged periods (typically more than a year)","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nih_ods_mg_diuretics","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Magnesium (Health Professional), updated January 6, 2026; read via web.archive.org capture 25 Aug 2026 — Interactions with Medications (diuretics)","quote":"Chronic treatment with loop diuretics … and thiazide diuretics … can increase the loss of magnesium in urine and lead to magnesium depletion … potassium-sparing diuretics … reduce magnesium excretion","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nih_ods_mg_label","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Magnesium (Health Professional), updated January 6, 2026; read via web.archive.org capture 25 Aug 2026 — Dietary Supplements (elemental magnesium on labels)","quote":"The Supplement Facts panel on a dietary supplement label declares the amount of elemental magnesium in the product, not the weight of the entire magnesium-containing compound","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nih_ods_mg_dv","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Magnesium (Health Professional), updated January 6, 2026; read via web.archive.org capture 25 Aug 2026 — Sources of Magnesium: Food (Daily Value note)","quote":"The DV for magnesium is 420 mg for adults and children age 4 years and older","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nih_ods_mg_laxative","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Magnesium (Health Professional), updated January 6, 2026; read via web.archive.org capture 25 Aug 2026 — Magnesium supplements and medications (laxatives, antacids)","quote":"Magnesium is found in some remedies for heartburn and acid indigestion, and it is a key ingredient in certain laxatives … Magnesium is a primary ingredient in some laxatives","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"rawji2024","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC11136869","label":"Examining the Effects of Supplemental Magnesium on Self-Reported Anxiety and Sleep Quality: A Systematic Review (Rawji et al., Cureus 2024)","quote":"Five out of eight sleep-related studies reported improvements in sleep parameters, while two studies reported no improvements, and one reported mixed results … Firm conclusions were limited by the heterogeneity of the data","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"attinger2025","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC12605969","label":"ThyroMag: Single Center, Open-Label, Randomized Crossover Trial on Drug-Drug Interactions of Levothyroxine/Magnesium-Citrate and Levothyroxine/Magnesium-Aspartate in Healthy Subjects (Attinger et al., Clin Transl Sci 2025)","quote":"coadministration of magnesium citrate reduced thyroxine AUC non-significantly by 7% compared with levothyroxine alone … Hypothyroid patients should nonetheless take levothyroxine separated from magnesium-containing formulations","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_hs_limits","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-hs-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Health Supplements Guidelines GL-CHPB-3-001 (January 2026), clause 4.8 and Table 5 Minerals Limits","quote":"HS for use by the general adult population should not contain vitamins and minerals exceeding the stipulated limits stated in Tables 4 and 5 … Table 5: Minerals Limits … Magnesium 350 mg","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_hs_claims","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-hs-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Health Supplements Guidelines GL-CHPB-3-001 (January 2026), List of Health Claims, rows 55, 73, 80","quote":"Contribute to normal muscle function • Calcium, potassium, magnesium … Maintain/support nervous system function • Copper, iodine, magnesium, potassium … Maintain/support body electrolyte balance • Magnesium","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_prohibited_2025","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-chp-prohibited-restricted-ing-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Guidelines on Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in HS and TM (October 2025), clause 1.3 and Annex B row 65 (Magnesium)","quote":"The objective of this guideline is to highlight the substances of concern … 65. Magnesium — Restricted use in HS and TM … the maximum recommended daily dose should not provide more than 350mg","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"iherb_sg","url":"https://sg.iherb.com/c/magnesium","label":"iHerb Singapore — 'Magnesium' category page, default order, 817 results","quote":"California Gold Nutrition, Magnesium Bisglycinate Chelate, Albion TRAACS® … NOW Foods, Magnesium Glycinate … Doctor's Best, High Absorption Magnesium Lysinate Glycinate … Life Extension, Neuro-Mag®, Magnesium L-Threonate … Thorne, Magnesium Glycinate","accessed":"2026-08-27"}],"brand_certs":[{"brand":"Thorne","example":null,"programme":"NSF Certified for Sport","matching_products":0,"brand_total_certified":66}],"updated_at":"2026-08-30T17:59:36.026222+08:00"},"disclaimer":"kozen-x is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. it lists what published sources have written down. absence of a record is not the same as safe."}