{"ok":true,"entry":{"slug":"magnesium","kind":"supplement","name":"magnesium","aliases":["magnesium glycinate","magnesium bisglycinate","magnesium citrate","magnesium oxide"],"brands_sg":["Swisse","GNC"],"class":"mineral","tags":["sleep","bone-joint","general"],"use_for":"topping up a low intake · muscle, nerve and bone function","use_after":"timing not addressed · 2 h+ from bisphosphonates/antibiotics","use_duration":null,"take_with":"water · citrate or chloride forms absorb better than oxide","pros":["rda 310–420 mg a day for adults; food counts","us surveys: many people get less than the rda","hsa allows muscle, nerve, bone, electrolyte claims"],"cons":["oxide, chloride, carbonate forms can cause diarrhea","ul 350 mg a day from supplements — food doesn't count","needs spacing from some antibiotics and bone drugs"],"dose_note":"rda is 400–420 mg a day for men and 310–320 mg for women, from all sources; the ul of 350 mg a day covers supplements and medicines only, not food; high supplement doses can cause diarrhea, nausea and cramping; hsa limit for general-adult health supplements in singapore is 350 mg a day","dosage":{"ul":"350 mg","unit":"mg","fda_dv":"420 mg","rda_ai":"400–420 mg men · 310–320 mg women (19+)","ul_status":"established","population":"general adult","hsa_max_daily":"350 mg"},"ul_status":"established","sg_class":null,"cautions":["kidney disease — excess magnesium clears poorly; ask your doctor first","on any of the drugs below regularly — discuss magnesium intake with your doctor or pharmacist"],"clashes":[{"src":["nih_ods_magnesium"],"note":"magnesium cuts their absorption; 2 h gap either side","with":"bisphosphonates (alendronate)"},{"src":["nih_ods_magnesium"],"note":"insoluble complexes form; antibiotic 2 h before or 4–6 h after","with":"tetracycline and quinolone antibiotics (doxycycline, ciprofloxacin)"},{"src":["nih_ods_magnesium"],"note":"long-term use raises urinary loss — can deplete magnesium","with":"loop and thiazide diuretics (furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide)"},{"src":["nih_ods_magnesium"],"note":"reduce magnesium excretion","with":"potassium-sparing diuretics (amiloride, spironolactone)"},{"src":["nih_ods_magnesium"],"note":"low magnesium reported with use over about a year","with":"proton pump inhibitors (esomeprazole, lansoprazole)"}],"sources":[{"id":"nih_ods_magnesium","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Magnesium Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (updated Jan 6, 2026)","quote":"Magnesium is a cofactor in more than 300 enzyme systems that regulate diverse biochemical reactions in the body, including protein synthesis, muscle and nerve function, blood glucose control, and blood pressure regulation … The ULs only include magnesium from dietary supplements and medications; they do not include magnesium found naturally in food and beverages … high doses of magnesium from dietary supplements or medications can cause diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal cramping … The forms of magnesium that are most commonly reported to cause diarrhea include magnesium carbonate, chloride, gluconate, and oxide … magnesium in the aspartate, citrate, lactate, and chloride forms is absorbed more completely and is more bioavailable than magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate … The risk of magnesium toxicity increases with impaired renal function or kidney failure … Taking magnesium-rich supplements or medications at least 2 hours before or after oral bisphosphonates can minimize this interaction … These antibiotics should be taken at least 2 hours before or 4 to 6 hours after a magnesium-containing supplement … Prescription proton pump inhibitor (PPI) drugs … can cause hypomagnesemia when taken for prolonged periods (typically more than a year)","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"fda_dv","url":"https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels","label":"FDA — Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels, Reference Guide: Daily Values for Nutrients (content current as of 03/05/2024)","quote":"DVs are the recommended amounts of nutrients to consume or not to exceed each day … Magnesium 420mg","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_hs_guidelines","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-hs-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Health Supplements Guidelines GL-CHPB-3-001 Rev. 020 (January 2026), s4.8, Table 5 Minerals Limits + List of Health Claims","quote":"HS for use by the general adult population should not contain vitamins and minerals exceeding the stipulated limits stated in Tables 4 and 5 … Table 5: Minerals Limits … Magnesium 350 mg … Contribute to normal muscle function • Calcium, potassium, magnesium … Maintain/support nervous system function • Copper, iodine, magnesium, potassium … Maintain/support body electrolyte balance • Magnesium … Maintain/support bone health • Boron, calcium, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, zinc","accessed":"2026-08-27"}],"brand_certs":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-29T16:16:24.715168+08:00"},"disclaimer":"kozen-x is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. it lists what published sources have written down. absence of a record is not the same as safe."}