{"ok":true,"entry":{"slug":"lactobacillus-rhamnosus","kind":"supplement","name":"lactobacillus rhamnosus","aliases":["LGG","L. rhamnosus GG","Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus"],"brands_sg":["California Gold Nutrition","21st Century","Garden of Life","NOW Foods","Lemme"],"class":"probiotic","tags":["gut","immune"],"use_for":"antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, mainly in children","use_after":"aad trials ran during the antibiotic course","use_duration":null,"take_with":"milk — a fermented milk drink was the trial vehicle","pros":["aad risk fell from 22.4% to 12.3% across 11 rcts","fewer upper respiratory infections in day-care kids","ibs pain in children improved (3 rcts, n=167)"],"cons":["in adults alone the aad difference was not significant","quality of evidence rated moderate to low","no gut-infection benefit in the day-care trial"],"dose_note":"the day-care trial used 10^9 colony-forming units in 100 ml of fermented milk once a day","dosage":{"ul":null,"unit":"CFU","fda_dv":null,"rda_ai":null,"ul_status":"none_established","population":"general adult","hsa_max_daily":null},"ul_status":"none_established","sg_class":null,"cautions":["severe illness or weakened immunity — higher risk of harm","premature infants — fda warned of severe or fatal infections"],"clashes":[],"sources":[{"id":"nccih_probiotics","url":"https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/probiotics-what-you-need-to-know","label":"NIH NCCIH — Probiotics: Usefulness and Safety","quote":"Different types of probiotics may have different effects. For example, if a specific kind of Lactobacillus helps prevent an illness, that doesn't necessarily mean that another kind of Lactobacillus … would do the same thing.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nccih_safety","url":"https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/probiotics-what-you-need-to-know","label":"NIH NCCIH — Probiotics: Usefulness and Safety, \"Can probiotics be harmful?\"","quote":"The risk of harmful effects from probiotics is greater in people with severe illnesses or compromised immune systems … Cases of severe or fatal infections have been reported in premature infants who were given probiotics","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"szajewska2015_lgg","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/26365389","label":"Systematic review with meta-analysis: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children and adults (Szajewska & Kołodziej, Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015)","quote":"reduced the risk of AAD in patients treated with antibiotics from 22.4% to 12.3% … In adults, the difference was not significant … the quality of evidence is moderate to low","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hojsak2010","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/19896252","label":"Lactobacillus GG in the prevention of gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections in children who attend day care centers (Hojsak et al., Clin Nutr 2010)","quote":"children in the LGG group had a significantly reduced risk of upper respiratory tract infections … no significant reduction in the risk of gastrointestinal infections … at a dose of 10(9) colony-forming units in 100ml of a fermented milk product","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"horvath2011","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/21507030","label":"Meta-analysis: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG for abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorders in childhood (Horvath et al., Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011)","quote":"LGG supplementation was associated with a significantly higher rate of treatment responders … in the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) subgroup (three RCTs, n = 167; RR 1.70, 95% CI 1.27-2.27, NNT 4)","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"iherb_sg","url":"https://sg.iherb.com/c/probiotics","label":"iHerb Singapore — Probiotics category page (default best-selling order)","quote":"California Gold Nutrition, LactoBif® 30 Probiotics, 60 Veggie Capsules","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_pr","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-chp-prohibited-restricted-ing-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Guidelines on prohibited and restricted ingredients in HS and TM (Oct 2025), Annex A/B","quote":"The objective of this guideline is to highlight the substances of concern when used in HS and TM and is not meant to be an exhaustive list.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_hs","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-hs-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Health Supplements Guidelines (Jan 2026), working definition and Tables 4–5","quote":"Vitamins, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids, enzymes, probiotics and other bioactive substances … Table 4: Vitamins Limits … Table 5: Minerals Limits","accessed":"2026-08-27"}],"brand_certs":[{"brand":"Garden of Life","example":null,"programme":"NSF Certified for Sport","matching_products":0,"brand_total_certified":23},{"brand":"Lemme","example":null,"programme":"NSF Certified for Sport","matching_products":0,"brand_total_certified":1}],"updated_at":"2026-08-30T17:59:39.960259+08:00"},"disclaimer":"kozen-x is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. it lists what published sources have written down. absence of a record is not the same as safe."}