{"ok":true,"entry":{"slug":"ipratropium","kind":"medication","name":"ipratropium","aliases":["Atrovent"],"brands_sg":["Berodual","Atrovent","Combivent","Steri-Neb Ipratropium","Iprovent"],"class":"short-acting antimuscarinic bronchodilator","tags":["respiratory"],"use_for":"medlineplus: wheeze and breathlessness in copd","use_after":"sg label: nebuliser 3–4 times daily; inhaler 4 times daily","use_duration":null,"take_with":"inhaled · sg label: can be combined with a beta-agonist","pros":["medlineplus: relaxes and opens the airways","sg label: maintenance treatment in copd and bronchitis","sg label: nebuliser solution or metered-dose inhaler"],"cons":["us label: not for the initial treatment of an attack","medlineplus: dry mouth and difficulty passing urine","us label: spray in the eye risks narrow-angle glaucoma"],"dose_note":"the singapore atrovent label gives the maximum by device. metered dose inhaler 20 mcg/puff: '2 metered doses (puffs) 4 times daily … a total daily dose of 12 puffs should generally not be exceeded'. 0.025% nebuliser solution, adults and adolescents over 12, maintenance: '2.0 mL (40 drops = 0.5 mg ipratropium bromide anhydrous) 3 to 4 times daily'. the same label adds 'it is advisable not to exceed the recommended daily dose during either acute or maintenance treatment'. the us atrovent hfa label agrees on the inhaler: 'not to exceed 12 inhalations in 24 hours'.","dosage":null,"ul_status":null,"sg_class":"prescription-only","cautions":["glaucoma — medlineplus: the doctor is told before it is used","prostate or bladder-neck problems — us label: retention risk","atropine allergy — medlineplus: asked about before use","an acute attack — us label: rescue therapy is a different inhaler"],"clashes":[{"src":["fda_atrovent_int"],"note":"us label: additive anticholinergic effects; co-use is to be avoided","with":"other anticholinergic medicines"},{"src":["mlp_ipratropium"],"note":"medlineplus: may bring on or worsen narrow-angle glaucoma","with":"the eyes (inhaler spray or a leaking face mask)"},{"src":["fda_atrovent_neb"],"note":"us label: stability and safety of such mixtures are not established","with":"other medicines mixed in the nebuliser"}],"sources":[{"id":"hsa_register","url":"https://data.gov.sg/datasets/d_767279312753558cbf19d48344577084/view","label":"HSA — Listing of Registered Therapeutic Products (data.gov.sg open dataset, 5,511 rows, cached in full and filtered locally)","quote":"All 5 registered ipratropium-containing products read 'Prescription Only' — ATROVENT SOLUTION 0.025% · STERI-NEB IPRATROPIUM 250 mcg/ml · IPROVENT INHALER 20 mcg/puff · BERODUAL SOLUTION (with fenoterol) · COMBIVENT UNIT DOSE VIAL (with salbutamol)","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ndf_atrovent","url":"https://www.ndf.gov.sg/about-drugs/product-information/SIN02815P","label":"National Drug Formulary (SG, MOH) — ATROVENT SOLUTION 0.025% [SIN02815P], approved indications and posology","quote":"a total daily dose of 12 puffs should generally not be exceeded … Adults (including elderly) and adolescents over 12 years of age: 2.0 mL (40 drops = 0.5 mg ipratropium bromide anhydrous) 3 to 4 times daily","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"mlp_ipratropium","url":"https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a695021.html","label":"MedlinePlus (NIH/AHFS) — Ipratropium Oral Inhalation","quote":"used to prevent wheezing, shortness of breath, coughing, and chest tightness in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease … It works by relaxing and opening the air passages to the lungs","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"fda_atrovent_dose","url":"https://api.fda.gov/drug/label.json?search=openfda.brand_name:%22ATROVENT%20HFA%22&limit=1","label":"US FDA label — ATROVENT HFA (Boehringer Ingelheim), section 2 Dosage and Administration, via openFDA","quote":"The usual starting dosage of ATROVENT HFA is two inhalations four times a day … the total number of inhalations should not exceed 12 in 24 hours","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"fda_atrovent_warn","url":"https://api.fda.gov/drug/label.json?search=openfda.brand_name:%22ATROVENT%20HFA%22&limit=1","label":"US FDA label — ATROVENT HFA, section 5 Warnings and Precautions, via openFDA","quote":"Not indicated for the initial treatment of acute episodes of bronchospasm where rescue therapy is required for rapid response … Use with caution in patients with narrow-angle glaucoma … prostatic hyperplasia or bladder-neck obstruction","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"fda_atrovent_int","url":"https://api.fda.gov/drug/label.json?search=openfda.brand_name:%22ATROVENT%20HFA%22&limit=1","label":"US FDA label — ATROVENT HFA, section 7 Drug Interactions, via openFDA","quote":"Anticholinergics: May interact additively with concomitantly used anticholinergic medications. Avoid administration of ATROVENT HFA with other anticholinergic-containing drugs","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"fda_atrovent_neb","url":"https://api.fda.gov/drug/label.json?search=openfda.generic_name:%22IPRATROPIUM+BROMIDE%22+AND+openfda.route:%22RESPIRATORY+(INHALATION)%22&limit=5","label":"US FDA label — ipratropium bromide inhalation solution 0.02% (Chartwell RX), Dosage and Administration, via openFDA","quote":"The usual dosage … is 500 mcg (1 Unit-Dose Vial) administered three to four times a day by oral nebulization, with doses 6 to 8 hours apart … safety … when mixed with other drugs [is] not established","accessed":"2026-08-27"}],"brand_certs":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-29T16:16:23.779398+08:00"},"disclaimer":"kozen-x is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. it lists what published sources have written down. absence of a record is not the same as safe."}