{"ok":true,"entry":{"slug":"iodine","kind":"supplement","name":"iodine","aliases":["potassium iodide","kelp","Lugol's"],"brands_sg":["Life Extension","Life-flo","NOW Foods","Optimox","NaturesPlus"],"class":"mineral","tags":["general","energy"],"use_for":"making thyroid hormones t4 and t3 · metabolic activity","use_after":"timing not addressed by nih ods · no food rule given","use_duration":null,"take_with":"water · kelp pills vary: seaweed holds 16–2,984 mcg/g","pros":["small daily need: rda 150 mcg (220 mcg in pregnancy)","hsa allows thyroid and energy-metabolism claims","potassium iodide or kelp are the usual supplement forms"],"cons":["ul 1,100 mcg; excess: goiter, hypo- or hyperthyroidism","autoimmune thyroid disease: harm at 'safe' intakes","hsa cap 0.15 mg a day; sg listings reach 12.5 mg a pill"],"dose_note":"rda 150 mcg a day for adults (220 mcg pregnancy, 290 mcg lactation); ul 1,100 mcg a day from all sources; fda daily value 150 mcg; hsa caps general-adult health supplements in singapore at 0.15 mg (150 mcg) a day; sg iherb listings range from 150 mcg kelp tablets to 1,000 mcg capsules and 12.5 mg (12,500 mcg) tablets — the last two sit above the hsa cap and the 12.5 mg one far above the ul","dosage":{"ul":1100,"unit":"mcg","fda_dv":150,"rda_ai":150,"ul_status":"established","population":"general adult","hsa_max_daily":150},"ul_status":"established","sg_class":null,"cautions":["autoimmune thyroid disease or past iodine deficiency — may react to intakes others tolerate; ask your doctor first","on antithyroid drugs such as methimazole — high-dose iodine adds to their effect; ask your doctor","on ace inhibitors or potassium-sparing diuretics — potassium iodide adds hyperkalemia risk; ask your pharmacist","over 1,100 mcg a day — above the ul; only under a doctor's care"],"clashes":[{"src":["nih_ods_i_drugs"],"note":"high doses of iodine have an additive effect","with":"antithyroid medications (e.g. methimazole)"},{"src":["nih_ods_i_drugs"],"note":"potassium iodide with them can raise the risk of hyperkalemia","with":"ace inhibitors"},{"src":["nih_ods_i_drugs"],"note":"potassium iodide with them can raise the risk of hyperkalemia","with":"potassium-sparing diuretics"}],"sources":[{"id":"nih_ods_i_intro","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iodine-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Iodine Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (Updated: November 5, 2024) — Introduction + Table 1 RDAs","quote":"essential component of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) … critical determinants of metabolic activity … [RDA, 19+ years] 150 mcg (male), 150 mcg (female), 220 mcg (pregnancy), 290 mcg (lactation)","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nih_ods_i_supp","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iodine-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Iodine Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (Updated: November 5, 2024) — Dietary Supplements + Sources of Iodine (seaweed)","quote":"potassium iodide or sodium iodide … Supplements containing kelp, a seaweed that contains iodine, are also available … commercially available seaweeds in whole or sheet form have iodine concentrations ranging from 16 mcg/g to 2,984 mcg/g","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nih_ods_i_risk","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iodine-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Iodine Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (Updated: November 5, 2024) — Health Risks from Excessive Iodine + Table 3 ULs","quote":"goiter, elevated TSH levels, and hypothyroidism … Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism can also result from high iodine intakes … burning of the mouth, throat, and stomach; fever; abdominal pain; nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; weak pulse; and coma … [UL, 19+ years] 1,100 mcg","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nih_ods_i_sens","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iodine-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Iodine Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (Updated: November 5, 2024) — Health Risks from Excessive Iodine (sensitive groups) + Groups at Risk (pregnancy)","quote":"Some people, such as those with autoimmune thyroid disease and iodine deficiency, may experience adverse effects with iodine intakes considered safe for the general population … During pregnancy, the RDA for iodine increases from 150 to 220 mcg/day","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nih_ods_i_drugs","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iodine-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Iodine Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (Updated: November 5, 2024) — Interactions with Medications","quote":"Taking high doses of iodine with antithyroid medications can have an additive effect … [methimazole (Tapazole)] … Taking potassium iodide with ACE inhibitors can increase the risk of hyperkalemia … Taking potassium iodide with potassium-sparing diuretics … can increase the risk of hyperkalemia","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"fda_dv","url":"https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels","label":"FDA — Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels, Reference Guide: Daily Values for Nutrients (content current as of 03/05/2024)","quote":"DVs are the recommended amounts of nutrients to consume or not to exceed each day … Iodine 150mcg","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_hs_limits","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-hs-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA Singapore — Health Supplements Guidelines GL-CHPB-3-001 Rev. No. 020 (January 2026), clause 4.8 + Table 5 Minerals Limits","quote":"4.8 HS for use by the general adult population should not contain vitamins and minerals exceeding the stipulated limits stated in Tables 4 and 5 … Table 5: Minerals Limits … Iodine 0.15 mg","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_hs_claims","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-hs-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA Singapore — Health Supplements Guidelines GL-CHPB-3-001 Rev. No. 020 (January 2026), List of Health Claims (vitamins and minerals)","quote":"7. Maintain/support healthy thyroid gland function • Iodine, selenium … 23. Contribute to normal energy-yielding metabolism • Calcium, copper, iodine, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus … 79. Maintain/support cognitive function/mental function • Iodine, iron, zinc","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_prohibited_2025","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-chp-prohibited-restricted-ing-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA Singapore — Guidelines on Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in Health Supplements and Traditional Medicines, GL-CHPB-1-012 Rev. No. 001 (October 2025), Annex A","quote":"55. Iodine — Restricted use in HS and TM — When for oral use by general adult population, the maximum recommended daily dose should not provide more than 0.15mg","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"iherb_sg","url":"https://sg.iherb.com/c/iodine","label":"iHerb Singapore — Iodine category page (Supplements > Minerals > Iodine), default order, 50 results — positions 1–5 and 8","quote":"Life Extension, Vitamins D and K with Sea-Iodine™ … Life-flo, Liquid Iodine Plus with Potassium Iodide … Life Extension, Sea-Iodine™, 1,000 mcg … NOW Foods, Kelp, 150 mcg, 200 Tablets … Optimox, Iodoral® IOD 12.5, 12.5 mg, 180 Scored Tablets … NaturesPlus, Iodine, 150 mcg","accessed":"2026-08-27"}],"brand_certs":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-29T16:16:23.779398+08:00"},"disclaimer":"kozen-x is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. it lists what published sources have written down. absence of a record is not the same as safe."}