{"ok":true,"entry":{"slug":"gymnema","kind":"supplement","name":"gymnema","aliases":["Gymnema sylvestre","gurmar"],"brands_sg":["Swanson Vitamins","NOW Foods","Source Naturals","Himalaya","Vitacost"],"class":"botanical","tags":["general"],"use_for":"blunts sweet taste; blood-sugar effect is not settled","use_after":null,"use_duration":null,"take_with":null,"pros":["gymnemic acids blunt the taste of sweet things","meta-analysis of 10 trials: fasting glucose fell","side effects at usual doses are uncommon"],"cons":["livertox: effectiveness in diabetes not shown","that meta-analysis compared to baseline, not placebo","rare liver-injury reports; long-term safety unclear"],"dose_note":"livertox reports a typical recommended dose of 400 mg three times daily, with some commercial products recommending as much as several grams daily, and notes little standardisation of purity or concentration between products — as directed on the label or by your pharmacist or doctor","dosage":{"ul":null,"unit":"mg","fda_dv":null,"rda_ai":null,"ul_status":"none_established","population":"general adult","hsa_max_daily":null},"ul_status":"none_established","sg_class":null,"cautions":["liver disease — livertox: cases may be more severe with it present","long-term use — long term safety not well documented in humans","product strength varies — little standardisation between extracts","higher doses — livertox links them to more frequent liver cases"],"clashes":[],"sources":[{"id":"livertox_gymnema","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/n/livertox/Gymnema/","label":"NIH NIDDK LiverTox — Gymnema sylvestre, Background","quote":"In vitro, gymnemic acids have been shown to bind to and inhibit human, sweet taste receptors, and both animal and human studies indicate the ingredients can suppress taste response to sweet substances.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"livertox_gymnema_eff","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/n/livertox/Gymnema/","label":"NIH NIDDK LiverTox — Gymnema sylvestre, human trial results","quote":"Several trials of Gymnema extracts in humans have shown mild decreases in fasting plasma glucose levels accompanied by increases in hemoglobin A1c levels, but the overall effectiveness in the treatment of diabetes has not been shown","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"livertox_gymnema_dose","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/n/livertox/Gymnema/","label":"NIH NIDDK LiverTox — Gymnema sylvestre, doses and product standardisation","quote":"The typical recommended dose is 400 mg three times daily, but some commercial products recommend as much as several grams daily. At present there is little standardization of purity and concentration of extracts in Gymnema products.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"livertox_gymnema_safety","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/n/livertox/Gymnema/","label":"NIH NIDDK LiverTox — Gymnema sylvestre, side effects","quote":"Side effects of conventional doses are uncommon but may include nausea, abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, headaches, and rash. Its long term safety has not been well documented in humans.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"livertox_gymnema_score","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/n/livertox/Gymnema/","label":"NIH NIDDK LiverTox — Gymnema sylvestre, likelihood score and risk factors","quote":"Likelihood score : D (possible rare cause of clinically apparent liver injury) … Cases may be more frequent and more severe in patients receiving higher doses or with preexisting liver disease.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"devangan2021","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/34467577","label":"The effect of Gymnema sylvestre supplementation on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Devangan et al., Phytother Res 2021)","quote":"Our meta-analysis consisting of 10 studies with a total of 419 participants showed that GS supplementation significantly reduces fasting blood glucose (FBG) … postprandial blood glucose (PPBG) … and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"devangan2021_method","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/34467577","label":"Devangan et al. 2021 — how the effect was calculated","quote":"Standardized mean difference (SMD) was calculated by comparing the post-intervention data with baseline data.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_prohibited_2025","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-chp-prohibited-restricted-ing-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Guidelines on Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in Health Supplements and Traditional Medicines, GL-CHPB-1-012 Rev. No. 001 (Oct 2025) — gymnema / Gymnema sylvestre / gurmar not listed in Annex A or B (PDF full text searched)","quote":"The objective of this guideline is to highlight the substances of concern when used in HS and TM and is not meant to be an exhaustive list.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"iherb_sg","url":"https://sg.iherb.com/c/gymnema","label":"iHerb Singapore — “Gymnema Sylvestre: Leaf Extract Capsules & Blends” category page, default (best-selling) order; no Singapore shipping-restriction notice shown","quote":"Swanson Vitamins, Full Spectrum Gymnema Sylvestre Leaf, 400 mg … NOW Foods, Gymnema Sylvestre Extract, 90 Veg Capsules … Source Naturals, Sugar Ban … Source Naturals, Gymnema Sylvestre, 450 mg … Himalaya … Vitacost","accessed":"2026-08-27"}],"brand_certs":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-29T16:16:21.812539+08:00"},"disclaimer":"kozen-x is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. it lists what published sources have written down. absence of a record is not the same as safe."}