{"ok":true,"entry":{"slug":"guarana","kind":"supplement","name":"guarana","aliases":["Paullinia cupana"],"brands_sg":["Swanson Vitamins","Nutricost","Source Naturals","KAL"],"class":"botanical","tags":["energy","fitness"],"use_for":"mainly a caffeine source; own effects not established","use_after":"acute trials tested it 60–70 min before the task","use_duration":null,"take_with":"nothing established · trials gave capsules on their own","pros":["300 mg improved a trail-making test vs placebo","the seed is 3%–6% caffeine, so the lift is real"],"cons":["500 mg did not beat placebo on cognition or mood","weight-loss data come from combination products","labels may not declare how much caffeine is inside"],"dose_note":"acute trials used 300 mg of guarana, or 500 mg supplying about 130 mg of caffeine; ods describes guarana seed as 3%–6% caffeine by weight, and the one 45-day weight trial combined 285 mg of guarana with 336 mg of yerba maté and 108 mg of damiana before each main meal, so the guarana share of that 5.1 kg result cannot be separated","dosage":{"ul":null,"unit":"mg","fda_dv":null,"rda_ai":null,"ul_status":"none_established","population":"general adult","hsa_max_daily":null},"ul_status":"none_established","sg_class":null,"cautions":["caffeine sensitivity, pregnancy, or raised blood pressure — guarana seed is 3%–6% caffeine and hsa's annex b asks sg labels to state the caffeine amount","under 18 — ods cites an american medical association limit of 100 mg of caffeine a day for adolescents","other stimulants — ods: combining caffeine with stimulants such as bitter orange can potentiate adverse effects","hsa: guarana / paullinia cupana is not listed in annex a or annex b of the oct 2025 guideline, but caffeine — its main active — is annex b item 1"],"clashes":[{"src":["hsa_caffeine_annexb","ods_caffeine_sources"],"food":true,"note":"hsa annex b asks sg labels to advise limiting concurrent caffeine-containing products and to state the caffeine amount","with":"other caffeine-containing products (coffee, tea, energy drinks)"},{"src":["ods_caffeine_stimulants"],"note":"ods: combining caffeine with other stimulants can potentiate adverse effects","with":"bitter orange, ephedrine and other stimulants"}],"sources":[{"id":"ods_caffeine_sources","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260826105104/https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/WeightLoss-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Dietary Supplements for Weight Loss (Health Professional), caffeine section, herbal caffeine sources (read via the archive.org capture; ods.od.nih.gov returns 403 to a direct fetch)","quote":"Many dietary supplements promoted for weight loss contain added caffeine or an herbal source—such as guarana (Paullinia cupana), kola (or cola) nut (Cola nitida), and yerba maté (Ilex paraguariensis)—that naturally contains caffeine","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ods_caffeine_labels","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260826105104/https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/WeightLoss-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Dietary Supplements for Weight Loss (Health Professional), caffeine section, undeclared caffeine on labels (read via the archive.org capture; ods.od.nih.gov returns 403 to a direct fetch)","quote":"Some weight-loss supplement labels do not declare the amount of caffeine in the product and only list the herbal ingredients … consumers might not be aware that the presence of certain herbs means that a product contains caffeine","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ods_caffeine_safety","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260826105104/https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/WeightLoss-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Dietary Supplements for Weight Loss (Health Professional), caffeine safety, intake benchmarks (read via the archive.org capture; ods.od.nih.gov returns 403 to a direct fetch)","quote":"For healthy adults, FDA and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) state that up to 400 mg/day caffeine does not pose safety concerns … the American Medical Association recommends that adolescents consume no more than 100 mg/day","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ods_caffeine_stimulants","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260826105104/https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/WeightLoss-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Dietary Supplements for Weight Loss (Health Professional), caffeine safety, stimulant combinations (read via the archive.org capture; ods.od.nih.gov returns 403 to a direct fetch)","quote":"Combining caffeine with other stimulants, such as bitter orange and ephedrine, can potentiate these adverse effects.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ods_combo_trial","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260826105104/https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/WeightLoss-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Dietary Supplements for Weight Loss (Health Professional), caffeine section, 45-day yerba maté / guarana / damiana trial (read via the archive.org capture; ods.od.nih.gov returns 403 to a direct fetch)","quote":"47 adults who were overweight (BMI 26–30) were randomized to take a combination product containing 336 mg yerba maté (1%–1.5% caffeine), 285 mg guarana (3%–6% caffeine), and 108 mg damiana … or placebo … for 45 days","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ods_combo_result","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260826105104/https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/WeightLoss-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Dietary Supplements for Weight Loss (Health Professional), caffeine section, result of the 45-day combination trial (read via the archive.org capture; ods.od.nih.gov returns 403 to a direct fetch)","quote":"participants taking the herbal product lost a mean of 5.1 kg compared to 0.3 kg for those taking the placebo","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"epmc_guarana_soccer","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42646867","label":"Acute Effects of Guarana (Paullinia cupana) Supplementation on Cognitive Performance, Technical Skills, and Physiological Responses in Amateur Soccer Players (Sports 2026; 32 players, 300 mg, crossover)","quote":"Guarana significantly improved TMT-A performance compared with placebo … whereas no significant differences were observed for TMT-B … acute low-dose guarana administration may improve basic attentional readiness","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"epmc_guarana_cognition","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/38931247","label":"Effects of Acute Guarana (Paullinia cupana) Ingestion on Mental Performance and Vagal Modulation Compared to a Low Dose of Caffeine (Nutrients 2024; 20 participants, 500 mg guarana = 130 mg caffeine)","quote":"Neither the acute ingestion of GUA nor low dose of CAF influenced cognitive performance or provided consistent benefit on mood or mental workload through vagal modulation.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_caffeine_annexb","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-chp-prohibited-restricted-ing-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Guidelines on Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in Health Supplements and Traditional Medicines, GL-CHPB-1-012 Rev. No. 001 (Oct 2025) — Annex B, item 1 (caffeine); the quote joins the 'Concerns / Issues' and 'Risk Mitigation Measures' columns of that one row","quote":"Excessive use may cause nervousness, irritability, sleep disturbances, diuresis, increased blood pressure, heart rate and gastrointestinal disturbances … Indicate the amount of caffeine in your product so that consumers are aware of the amount consumed.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_annex_notlisted","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-chp-prohibited-restricted-ing-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Guidelines on Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in Health Supplements and Traditional Medicines, GL-CHPB-1-012 Rev. No. 001 (Oct 2025) — Annex A (118 substances, prohibited/restricted) and Annex B (4 substances: caffeine, Camellia sinensis extract, Hypericum perforatum, L-tryptophan) both read in full: guarana / Paullinia cupana is NOT LISTED in Annex A or Annex B","quote":"The objective of this guideline is to highlight the substances of concern when used in HS and TM and is not meant to be an exhaustive list.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"iherb_sg","url":"https://sg.iherb.com/c/guarana","label":"iHerb Singapore — Guarana category (default order, \"1 - 12 of 12 results\"); only 4 distinct brands appear in the first 8 products","quote":"Swanson Vitamins, Full Spectrum® Guarana, 500 mg … Nutricost, Guarana Powder … Nutricost, Guarana, 150 Capsules … Source Naturals, Guarana Energizer™, 60 Tablets … KAL, Guarana, 800 mg, 120 Tablets","accessed":"2026-08-27"}],"brand_certs":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-29T16:16:21.812539+08:00"},"disclaimer":"kozen-x is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. it lists what published sources have written down. absence of a record is not the same as safe."}