{"ok":true,"entry":{"slug":"goji","kind":"supplement","name":"goji berry","aliases":["Lycium barbarum","wolfberry","gou qi zi"],"brands_sg":["Navitas Organics","Made in Nature","Micro Ingredients","Dragon Herbs","Organic Traditions"],"class":"botanical","tags":["general","immune"],"use_for":"general well-being · human trials are few and small","use_after":"daily","use_duration":"the well-being trials ran 14 to 30 days","take_with":"meals · one trial added 15 g of dried berry to a diet","pros":["14-day juice rct: general well-being scored better","30-day juice rct: lymphocyte, igg and il-2 rose","long food history · reviews call the fruit non-toxic"],"cons":["few human rcts · most data are cell and animal work","reports of bleeding when combined with warfarin","allergic reactions reported in sensitive people"],"dose_note":"traditional use runs 6–30 g of dried whole berry a day; the human trials used 120 ml a day of a standardised juice for 14–30 days, or 14–15 g a day of dried berries; the 2022 review says studies of dosage regimens, adverse reactions and long-term safety are scarce","dosage":{"ul":null,"unit":"g","fda_dv":null,"rda_ai":null,"ul_status":"none_established","population":"general adult","hsa_max_daily":null},"ul_status":"none_established","sg_class":null,"cautions":["on warfarin or another anticoagulant — bleeding has been reported","known food allergies — allergic reactions to goji are documented","liver problems — cases of hepatotoxicity have been reported"],"clashes":[{"src":["vidovic2022_warfarin"],"note":"reports of raised bleeding risk with lycium tea, juice or wine","with":"warfarin and other oral anticoagulants"},{"src":["vidovic2022_flecainide"],"note":"one case report of drug toxicity alongside goji berry tea","with":"flecainide"}],"sources":[{"id":"kwok2019","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC6390233","label":"A Systematic Review of Potential Therapeutic Use of Lycium Barbarum Polysaccharides in Disease (Kwok et al., BioMed Research International 2019)","quote":"Amongst the 20 publications selected, only 2 were clinical studies … Overall, from existing data, there is an evident lack of well-designed randomized control trials to evaluate the effect of LBP in humans","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"vidovic2022_human","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC8868247","label":"Health Benefits and Applications of Goji Berries in Functional Food Products Development: A Review (Vidović et al., Antioxidants 2022) — human intervention studies","quote":"In 2008, the first randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study was conducted … Participants in the intervention group consumed 120 mL/day of commercial goji juice (GoChi) … the main beneficial effects observed … after 14 days included increasing general well-being","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"vidovic2022_immune","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC8868247","label":"Vidović et al., Antioxidants 2022 — immune markers in healthy subjects","quote":"the 30-day daily consumption of GoChi led to the improvement of endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities … and an increase in lymphocyte, IgG, and IL-2 levels in healthy subjects, without adverse effects","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"vidovic2022_safety","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC8868247","label":"Vidović et al., Antioxidants 2022 — side effects of goji berry consumption","quote":"Based on long-term traditional use over 2500 years, goji berry is now generally recognized as a non-toxic food … studies evaluating adequate dosage regimens, adverse reactions, and the long-term safety of goji berries and their products are scarce","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"vidovic2022_dose","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC8868247","label":"Vidović et al., Antioxidants 2022 — traditional dose range","quote":"dosages used in traditional medicine, which range from 6–30 g of dried whole goji berry","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"vidovic2022_diet","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC8868247","label":"Vidović et al., Antioxidants 2022 — whole dried wolfberry within a dietary pattern (Toh et al., 2021)","quote":"Toh et al. (2021) investigated the effects of healthy dietary patterns, either with or without whole dried wolfberry (15 g/d), in middle-aged and older adults","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"vidovic2022_warfarin","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC8868247","label":"Vidović et al., Antioxidants 2022 — interaction with oral anticoagulants","quote":"There is evidence that the concomitant use of Lycium fruit tea, juice, and wine with oral anticoagulants, such as warfarin, might increase the risk of bleeding","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"vidovic2022_flecainide","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC8868247","label":"Vidović et al., Antioxidants 2022 — flecainide case report","quote":"Guzman et al. (2021) described the toxicity of the antiarrhythmic drug flecainidine in a 75-year-old female associated with goji berry tea consumption as a self-medication practice","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"vidovic2022_allergy","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC8868247","label":"Vidović et al., Antioxidants 2022 — allergy signal","quote":"there is growing evidence that goji berries may trigger allergic reactions in sensitive individuals, especially across Mediterranean populations","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"vidovic2022_liver","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC8868247","label":"Vidović et al., Antioxidants 2022 — hepatotoxicity case reports","quote":"There are also reported cases of hepatotoxicity related to consuming goji berry","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_prohibited_2025","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-chp-prohibited-restricted-ing-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Guidelines on Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in Health Supplements and Traditional Medicines, GL-CHPB-1-012 Rev 001 (Oct 2025)","quote":"The objective of this guideline is to highlight the substances of concern when used in HS and TM and is not meant to be an exhaustive list [goji / Lycium barbarum not listed in Annex A or B]","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_hs_limits","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-hs-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Health Supplements Guidelines (Jan 2026), clause 4.8 and Tables 4–5 (vitamins and minerals limits)","quote":"HS for use by the general adult population should not contain vitamins and minerals exceeding the stipulated limits stated in Tables 4 and 5","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"iherb_sg","url":"https://sg.iherb.com/c/goji-berries","label":"iHerb Singapore — Goji Berries category (default order)","quote":"Navitas Organics, Organic Goji Berries … Made in Nature, Organic Dried Goji Berries, Sun-Dried, Unsulfured … Micro Ingredients, Organic Goji Berries … Dragon Herbs, Heaven Mountain® Goji Berries … Organic Traditions, Goji Berries","accessed":"2026-08-27"}],"brand_certs":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-29T16:16:21.812539+08:00"},"disclaimer":"kozen-x is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. it lists what published sources have written down. absence of a record is not the same as safe."}