{"ok":true,"entry":{"slug":"garcinia-cambogia","kind":"supplement","name":"garcinia cambogia","aliases":["hydroxycitric acid","HCA","Garcinia gummi-gutta"],"brands_sg":["Swanson Vitamins","NOW Foods","Foodology","NatureWise","BioSchwartz"],"class":"botanical","tags":["general"],"use_for":"sold for weight loss — ods: little to no effect on weight","use_after":"trials dosed it 30–60 minutes before meals","use_duration":null,"take_with":null,"pros":["a 2011 meta-analysis of 12 trials pooled −0.88 kg","reported adverse effects are generally mild"],"cons":["in the 2 rigorous trials the effect was not significant","10 reported cases of liver toxicity in users","3 reported cases of mania in users"],"dose_note":"trials used 1,000–2,800 mg a day of hydroxycitric acid for 2–12 weeks; in one 12-week trial 89 women took 800 mg 30–60 minutes before meals for a total of 2.4 g a day (1,200 mg hca) and lost 3.7 kg versus 2.4 kg on placebo, while a second trial at 3,000 mg a day found no significant between-group difference; pooling nine trials gave a mean 0.88 kg advantage that disappeared when only the two rigorously designed trials were counted; no rda, ul, fda daily value or hsa singapore daily limit exists","dosage":{"ul":null,"unit":"mg","fda_dv":null,"rda_ai":null,"ul_status":"none_established","population":"general adult","hsa_max_daily":null},"ul_status":"none_established","sg_class":null,"cautions":["10 reported liver-toxicity cases: one death, two transplants","most of those products also contained other ingredients","three reported cases of mania, possibly from hca's serotonergic activity","all trials were short — long-term safety is unknown"],"clashes":[{"src":["ods_wl_interactions_garcinia"],"note":"one report of serotonin toxicity in a patient taking two SSRIs alongside it","with":"SSRI antidepressants"}],"sources":[{"id":"ods_wl_garcinia_table","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260826105104/https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/WeightLoss-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Dietary Supplements for Weight Loss (Health Professional), updated 18 May 2022; read via the archive.org capture of 26 Aug 2026 because ods.od.nih.gov returns HTTP 403 to direct fetches — Table 1 summary row for Garcinia cambogia","quote":"Garcinia cambogia (hydroxycitric acid) … Several short-term clinical trials of varying methodological quality … Research findings: Little to no effect on body weight … Some safety concerns reported","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ods_wl_garcinia_meta","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260826105104/https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/WeightLoss-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Dietary Supplements for Weight Loss (Health Professional), updated 18 May 2022; read via the archive.org capture of 26 Aug 2026 because ods.od.nih.gov returns HTTP 403 to direct fetches — 2011 review and meta-analysis of 12 randomised trials","quote":"A 2011 review and meta-analysis of 12 randomized controlled trials with a total of 706 participants … Garcinia cambogia (1,000–2,800 mg/day HCA) reduces body weight in the short term by a mean of 0.88 kg compared to placebo","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ods_wl_garcinia_rigorous","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260826105104/https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/WeightLoss-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Dietary Supplements for Weight Loss (Health Professional), updated 18 May 2022; read via the archive.org capture of 26 Aug 2026 because ods.od.nih.gov returns HTTP 403 to direct fetches — what happened when only the rigorous trials were counted","quote":"when they considered the two rigorously designed trials only (which used 1,500 mg/day and 2,800 mg/day HCA), the effect was no longer statistically significant. Therefore, the effect of Garcinia cambogia on body weight remains uncertain","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ods_wl_garcinia_mild","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260826105104/https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/WeightLoss-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Dietary Supplements for Weight Loss (Health Professional), updated 18 May 2022; read via the archive.org capture of 26 Aug 2026 because ods.od.nih.gov returns HTTP 403 to direct fetches — usual adverse effects, and the limit of the safety record","quote":"The reported adverse effects of Garcinia cambogia and HCA are generally mild and include headache, nausea, upper respiratory tract symptoms, and gastrointestinal symptoms … its long-term safety is unknown","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ods_wl_garcinia_liver","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260826105104/https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/WeightLoss-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Dietary Supplements for Weight Loss (Health Professional), updated 18 May 2022; read via the archive.org capture of 26 Aug 2026 because ods.od.nih.gov returns HTTP 403 to direct fetches — liver-toxicity reports","quote":"Reports have also described 10 cases of liver toxicity, resulting in one death and two liver transplants, in people taking products containing Garcinia cambogia","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ods_wl_garcinia_mania","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260826105104/https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/WeightLoss-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Dietary Supplements for Weight Loss (Health Professional), updated 18 May 2022; read via the archive.org capture of 26 Aug 2026 because ods.od.nih.gov returns HTTP 403 to direct fetches — mania reports","quote":"dietary supplements containing Garcinia cambogia have been implicated in three cases of mania, which might have been caused by the serotonergic activity of HCA","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ods_wl_garcinia_confound","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260826105104/https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/WeightLoss-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Dietary Supplements for Weight Loss (Health Professional), updated 18 May 2022; read via the archive.org capture of 26 Aug 2026 because ods.od.nih.gov returns HTTP 403 to direct fetches — why the liver cases cannot be attributed to garcinia alone","quote":"In most of these cases, the products contained other botanical ingredients and minerals as well, so the toxicity cannot be definitively attributed to Garcinia cambogia","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ods_wl_garcinia_dose","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260826105104/https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/WeightLoss-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Dietary Supplements for Weight Loss (Health Professional), updated 18 May 2022; read via the archive.org capture of 26 Aug 2026 because ods.od.nih.gov returns HTTP 403 to direct fetches — how one 12-week trial dosed it","quote":"89 women who were mildly overweight … received Garcinia cambogia (800 mg 30–60 minutes before meals for a total daily dose of 2.4 g/day [1,200 mg HCA]) … Women receiving Garcinia cambogia lost significantly more weight (3.7 kg)","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ods_wl_interactions_garcinia","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260826105104/https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/WeightLoss-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Dietary Supplements for Weight Loss (Health Professional), updated 18 May 2022; read via the archive.org capture of 26 Aug 2026 because ods.od.nih.gov returns HTTP 403 to direct fetches — interactions section","quote":"Garcinia cambogia was associated with serotonin toxicity in a patient taking the supplement together with two selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medications","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_prohibited","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-chp-prohibited-restricted-ing-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA Singapore — Guidelines on Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in Health Supplements and Traditional Medicines, GL-CHPB-1-012 Rev. No. 001 (October 2025) — Annex A row 49 — the prohibition names three OTHER Garcinia species; G. cambogia / G. gummi-gutta is NOT among them and is not listed anywhere in Annex A or Annex B","quote":"49. Garcinia elliptica, G. hanburyi, G. morella — Prohibited in HS and TM","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_hs_guidelines","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-hs-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA Singapore — Health Supplements Guidelines GL-CHPB-3-001 (January 2026), clause 4.8 with Tables 4–5, which list vitamins and minerals only — no botanical or fibre rows","quote":"4.8 HS for use by the general adult population should not contain vitamins and minerals exceeding the stipulated limits stated in Tables 4 and 5.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"iherb_sg","url":"https://sg.iherb.com/c/garcinia-cambogia","label":"iHerb Singapore — Garcinia Cambogia category page, default listing order, 27 Aug 2026","quote":"1 - 21 of 21 results: Swanson Vitamins, Garcinia Cambogia 5:1 Extract; NOW Foods, Garcinia Extract; Foodology, Coleology Cutting Jelly; NatureWise, Garcinia Cambogia; BioSchwartz, Garcinia Cambogia, Maximum Strength","accessed":"2026-08-27"}],"brand_certs":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-29T16:16:19.87501+08:00"},"disclaimer":"kozen-x is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. it lists what published sources have written down. absence of a record is not the same as safe."}