{"ok":true,"entry":{"slug":"flaxseed-oil","kind":"supplement","name":"flaxseed oil","aliases":["linseed oil","alpha-linolenic acid"],"brands_sg":["California Gold Nutrition","Bob's Red Mill","Spectrum Essentials","Arrowhead Mills","NOW Foods"],"class":"fatty acid","tags":["heart","womens-health"],"use_for":"a plant omega-3 (ala) source · human data is limited","use_after":"daily","use_duration":"safety data mostly covers up to 6 months","take_with":"absorption runs ~95%, similar to other ingested fats","pros":["richest common food source of ala: 7.26 g per tbsp","ala is the only omega-3 the body must get from food","ai for ala is 1.6 g/day (men), 1.1 g/day (women)"],"cons":["ala converts to epa/dha at under 15%","higher doses can bring bloating, fullness, diarrhoea","heart/brain claims rest on varying-quality research"],"dose_note":"the iom sets an adequate intake for ala of 1.6 g/day (men) and 1.1 g/day (women); nccih describes safety data only for short-term use, up to about 6 months","dosage":{"ul":null,"unit":"g","fda_dv":null,"rda_ai":"1.6 (men) / 1.1 (women), as ALA","ul_status":"none_established","population":"general adult","hsa_max_daily":null},"ul_status":"none_established","sg_class":null,"cautions":["on anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs — ask your doctor first","pregnancy or breastfeeding — little is known about safety","raw or unripe flaxseed may contain toxic compounds"],"clashes":[{"src":["nccih_flax_interact","ods_warfarin"],"note":"theoretical interaction per nccih; omega-3s may prolong clotting time","with":"anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs"}],"sources":[{"id":"ods_ala","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Omega-3 Fatty Acids (Health Professional)","quote":"Plant oils that contain ALA include flaxseed (linseed), soybean, and canola oils … Flaxseed oil, 1 tbsp | 7.26 [g ALA] … Chia seeds, 1 ounce | 5.06","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ods_ai","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Omega-3 Fatty Acids (Health Professional)","quote":"The AIs apply only to ALA because ALA is the only omega-3 that is essential. The IOM did not establish specific intake recommendations for EPA, DHA … 19–50 years 1.6 g (male) 1.1 g (female)","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ods_conv","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Omega-3 Fatty Acids (Health Professional)","quote":"ALA can be converted into EPA and then to DHA, but the conversion (which occurs primarily in the liver) is very limited, with reported rates of less than 15%","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ods_safety","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Omega-3 Fatty Acids (Health Professional)","quote":"The IOM did not establish a UL for any omega-3s … FDA has concluded that dietary supplements providing no more than 5 g/day EPA and DHA are safe when used as recommended","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ods_nodv","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Omega-3 Fatty Acids (Health Professional)","quote":"The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has established a Daily Value (DV) of 65 g for total fat but not for omega-3s","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ods_absorb","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Omega-3 Fatty Acids (Health Professional)","quote":"The process is efficient, with an absorption rate of about 95%, which is similar to that of other ingested fats","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ods_warfarin","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Omega-3 Fatty Acids (Health Professional)","quote":"Fish oil might prolong clotting times, as indicated by an elevated international normalized ratio (INR), when it is taken with warfarin … patients taking these products with anticoagulants should be monitored periodically for changes in INR","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nccih_flax","url":"https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/flaxseed-and-flaxseed-oil","label":"NIH NCCIH — Flaxseed and Flaxseed Oil: Usefulness and Safety","quote":"Today, flaxseed and flaxseed oil supplements are promoted for the heart, brain, and immune system … Some research of varying quality has studied the use of flaxseed or flaxseed oil supplements for several health purposes in people.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nccih_flax_safety","url":"https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/flaxseed-and-flaxseed-oil","label":"NIH NCCIH — Flaxseed and Flaxseed Oil, What Do We Know About Safety?","quote":"Limited amounts of flaxseed … or oral flaxseed oil supplements may be safe for use in the short-term (up to 6 months). Higher doses … may cause uncomfortable digestive symptoms like bloating, fullness, and diarrhea.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nccih_flax_interact","url":"https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/flaxseed-and-flaxseed-oil","label":"NIH NCCIH — Flaxseed and Flaxseed Oil, safety and interactions","quote":"There are theoretical reasons to suspect that flaxseed or flaxseed oil might interact with other drugs, such as anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs … Little is known about whether it is safe to use flaxseed oil during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nccih_flax_raw","url":"https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/flaxseed-and-flaxseed-oil","label":"NIH NCCIH — Flaxseed and Flaxseed Oil, safety","quote":"Don’t eat raw or unripe flaxseeds; they may contain potentially toxic compounds.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_pr","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-chp-prohibited-restricted-ing-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Guidelines on prohibited and restricted ingredients in health supplements and traditional medicines (Oct 2025), Annex A/B","quote":"The objective of this guideline is to highlight the substances of concern when used in HS and TM and is not meant to be an exhaustive list.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"iherb_sg","url":"https://sg.iherb.com/c/flax-seed-supplements","label":"iHerb Singapore — Flax Seed Oil & Supplements category page","quote":"Flax Seed Oil & Supplements","accessed":"2026-08-27"}],"brand_certs":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-29T16:16:19.87501+08:00"},"disclaimer":"kozen-x is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. it lists what published sources have written down. absence of a record is not the same as safe."}