{"ok":true,"entry":{"slug":"dim","kind":"supplement","name":"DIM","aliases":["diindolylmethane"],"brands_sg":["NOW Foods","Nutricost","Micro Ingredients","Jarrow Formulas","Nature's Way"],"class":"cruciferous compound","tags":["womens-health","mens-health"],"use_for":"shifting estrogen metabolism — no clinical outcome shown","use_after":null,"use_duration":null,"take_with":null,"pros":["raises the 2-ohe1:16-ohe1 ratio in both cohorts read","largest look yet at dim and urinary estrogen profiles"],"cons":["no rct read: both studies retrospective and exploratory","authors: evidence does not support dim for 4-ohe1","may shift estrogen levels in women on an e2 patch"],"dose_note":"neither study read here recorded how much was taken — the premenopausal cohort states plainly that it 'did not collect data regarding dose or formulation of DIM/I3C, frequency of administration, or adherence'; no nih ods or nccih fact sheet covers dim, and no source read recommends an amount","dosage":{"ul":null,"unit":"mg","fda_dv":null,"rda_ai":null,"ul_status":"none_established","population":"general adult","hsa_max_daily":null},"ul_status":"none_established","sg_class":null,"cautions":["on menopausal hormone therapy — the estrogen profile shifted","no nih ods or nccih fact sheet exists for dim","evidence is observational only — no randomised trial was read","not listed in hsa annex a or b (oct 2025) — not a clearance"],"clashes":[{"src":["dim_mht2025","dim_mht_conclusion"],"note":"women on a patch who also took dim had lower e1, e3 and total estrogens; the authors say providers should ask about dim and consider the implications for mht dose management","with":"menopausal hormone therapy (transdermal estradiol patch)"}],"sources":[{"id":"dim_pre2024_results","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC11583660","label":"Exploring the impact of 3,3'-diindolylmethane on the urinary estrogen profile of premenopausal women (BMC Women's Health / Europe PMC 2024) — results","quote":"the 2-hydroxyestrone:16-hydroxyestrone ratio increased significantly in both the larger group and the smaller subset with results before and after DIM use.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"dim_pre2024_conclusion","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC11583660","label":"Europe PMC 2024 DIM premenopausal cohort — conclusion","quote":"The results of this study provide the most comprehensive evaluation to date of DIM's effect on the urinary estrogen profile … suggest the need for additional studies … to fully understand the potential clinical utility of DIM.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"dim_pre2024_stats","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC11583660","label":"Europe PMC 2024 DIM premenopausal cohort — statistical caveat","quote":"Because this was a data mining study using a convenience sample, no sample size or power calculation was performed a priori, and all comparisons should be considered exploratory and hypothesis generating in nature.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"dim_pre2024_4ohe1","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC11583660","label":"Europe PMC 2024 DIM premenopausal cohort — 4-hydroxyestrone","quote":"This conclusion may be surprising to some integrative and functional medicine providers who expect DIM to reduce 4-OHE1. The currently available evidence does not support DIM use for this purpose.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"dim_pre2024_dose","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC11583660","label":"Europe PMC 2024 DIM premenopausal cohort — limitations (no dose recorded)","quote":"We did not collect data regarding dose or formulation of DIM/I3C, frequency of administration, or adherence.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"dim_mht2025","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC12188845","label":"The impact of 3,3'-diindolylmethane on estradiol and estrogen metabolism in postmenopausal women using a transdermal estradiol patch (Menopause / Europe PMC 2025) — results","quote":"women who were concurrently taking DIM had alterations in their urinary estrogen profile that included lower E1, lower E3, higher 2-OHE1, higher 4-OHE1, lower 16-OHE1, higher 2-OHE2, and lower total estrogens","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"dim_mht_conclusion","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC12188845","label":"Europe PMC 2025 DIM + menopausal hormone therapy — conclusion","quote":"providers treating postmenopausal women with MHT should ask their patients if they are taking a DIM supplement and, if so, consider the potential implications of drug-supplement interactions for MHT dose management and effectiveness.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_prohibited_2025","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-chp-prohibited-restricted-ing-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Guidelines on Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in Health Supplements and Traditional Medicines, GL-CHPB-1-012 Rev. No. 001 (Oct 2025)","quote":"The objective of this guideline is to highlight the substances of concern when used in HS and TM and is not meant to be an exhaustive list","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"iherb_sg","url":"https://sg.iherb.com/c/dim","label":"iHerb Singapore — DIM category (default order, 1 - 48 of 76 results); first 5 distinct brands in page order","quote":"NOW Foods, DIM 200, 90 Veg Capsules … Nutricost, DIM, 300 mg, 120 Capsules … Micro Ingredients, Myo & D-Chiro Inositol, 240 Vegetarian Capsules … Jarrow Formulas, DIM + CDG … Nature's Way, DIM-Plus™","accessed":"2026-08-27"}],"brand_certs":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-29T16:16:18.585742+08:00"},"disclaimer":"kozen-x is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. it lists what published sources have written down. absence of a record is not the same as safe."}