{"ok":true,"entry":{"slug":"dha","kind":"supplement","name":"DHA","aliases":["docosahexaenoic acid","algal DHA"],"brands_sg":["California Gold Nutrition","Nordic Naturals","Thorne","NOW Foods","OmegaVia"],"class":"omega-3 fatty acid","tags":["cognitive","womens-health"],"use_for":"pregnancy intakes · cognition trials in adults are null","use_after":"timing not addressed · guidance is framed per day","use_duration":null,"take_with":"water · algal dha matched cooked salmon for uptake","pros":["dha is especially high in the retina, brain and sperm","dha supplements cut preterm-birth risk in rcts","algal products give about 100–300 mg dha per serving"],"cons":["no rda or ai for dha — the ai covers ala only","healthy older adults: no cognition change in trials","4 g/day omega-3 trials: more atrial fibrillation"],"dose_note":"no rda or ai exists for dha — the ai covers ala only (1.6 g men, 1.1 g women); a typical fish-oil softgel gives about 1,000 mg oil with 180 mg epa and 120 mg dha, while algal products usually give 100–300 mg dha; efsa suggests an extra 100–200 mg/day dha in pregnancy on top of 250 mg/day dha plus epa for adults; fda says supplement labels should not recommend more than 2 g/day epa plus dha and holds up to 5 g/day as safe; hsa sets no daily limit for dha — tables 4–5 cover vitamins and minerals only, and dha is not listed in the october 2025 prohibited/restricted annexes","dosage":{"ul":null,"unit":"mg","fda_dv":null,"rda_ai":"none for DHA · ALA AI 1.6 g men / 1.1 g women (19+)","ul_status":"none_established","population":"general adult","hsa_max_daily":null},"ul_status":"none_established","sg_class":null,"cautions":["pregnancy — amounts differ by guideline; a doctor's or midwife's call","on warfarin or antiplatelet drugs — clotting time can lengthen; a doctor's call first","cvd or high cvd risk — 4 g/day omega-3 trials showed more atrial fibrillation","above 5 g/day epa plus dha — beyond what fda calls safe"],"clashes":[{"src":["ods_dha_warfarin"],"note":"fish oil may prolong clotting time (raised inr) with warfarin; antiplatelet effect at high doses","with":"warfarin and other anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs"}],"sources":[{"id":"ods_dha_role","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Omega-3 Fatty Acids (Health Professional), updated August 22, 2025; read via web.archive.org capture 25 Aug 2026 — Introduction (DHA in tissues)","quote":"Omega-3s play important roles in the body as components of the phospholipids that form the structures of cell membranes … DHA, in particular, is especially high in the retina, brain, and sperm","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ods_dha_intake","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Omega-3 Fatty Acids (Health Professional), updated August 22, 2025; read via web.archive.org capture 25 Aug 2026 — Recommended Intakes (Table 1 AIs)","quote":"For age 1 and older, the AIs apply only to ALA because ALA is the only omega-3 that is essential. The IOM did not establish specific intake recommendations for EPA, DHA, or other LC omega-3s","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ods_dha_typical","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Omega-3 Fatty Acids (Health Professional), updated August 22, 2025; read via web.archive.org capture 25 Aug 2026 — Dietary Supplements (typical fish oil supplement)","quote":"A typical fish oil supplement provides about 1,000 mg fish oil, containing 180 mg EPA and 120 mg DHA, but doses vary widely","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ods_dha_algal","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Omega-3 Fatty Acids (Health Professional), updated August 22, 2025; read via web.archive.org capture 25 Aug 2026 — Dietary Supplements (algal oil)","quote":"Plant-based sources of omega-3s from algal oil usually provide around 100–300 mg DHA … According to a small study, the bioavailability of DHA from algal oil is equivalent to that from cooked salmon","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ods_dha_pregnancy","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Omega-3 Fatty Acids (Health Professional), updated August 22, 2025; read via web.archive.org capture 25 Aug 2026 — Omega-3s and Health: Infant health and neurodevelopment","quote":"DHA is concentrated in the brain and the retina and accumulates most rapidly during the third trimester of pregnancy … accumulation in the brain continues throughout the first 2 years after birth","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ods_dha_rct_null","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Omega-3 Fatty Acids (Health Professional), updated August 22, 2025; read via web.archive.org capture 25 Aug 2026 — Infant health and neurodevelopment (maternal supplementation RCTs)","quote":"Results from RCTs have not shown consistent benefits from maternal supplementation with EPA and/or DHA during pregnancy on infant cognition or visual development","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ods_dha_preterm","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Omega-3 Fatty Acids (Health Professional), updated August 22, 2025; read via web.archive.org capture 25 Aug 2026 — Infant health and neurodevelopment (preterm birth)","quote":"long-chain omega-3 supplements, particularly DHA, have been shown to reduce the risk of preterm and early preterm birth","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ods_dha_efsa_preg","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Omega-3 Fatty Acids (Health Professional), updated August 22, 2025; read via web.archive.org capture 25 Aug 2026 — Table 3, EFSA row (supplementation during pregnancy)","quote":"EFSA … All pregnant women … Consume an additional 100–200 mg/day DHA during pregnancy on top of 250 mg/day of DHA plus EPA for all adults","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ods_dha_cognition","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Omega-3 Fatty Acids (Health Professional), updated August 22, 2025; read via web.archive.org capture 25 Aug 2026 — Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and cognitive function","quote":"the findings indicate that LC omega-3 supplementation does not affect cognitive function in healthy older adults or in people with Alzheimer's disease compared to placebo. For people with mild cognitive impairment, omega-3s may improve certain aspects of cognitive function","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ods_dha_fda2g","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Omega-3 Fatty Acids (Health Professional), updated August 22, 2025; read via web.archive.org capture 25 Aug 2026 — Omega-3s and Health: CVD (FDA qualified health claim)","quote":"FDA also specifies that the labels of dietary supplements should not recommend a daily intake of EPA and DHA higher than 2 g","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ods_dha_safety","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Omega-3 Fatty Acids (Health Professional), updated August 22, 2025; read via web.archive.org capture 25 Aug 2026 — Health Risks from Excessive Omega-3s (no UL, FDA 5 g/day)","quote":"The IOM did not establish a UL for any omega-3s … FDA has concluded that dietary supplements providing no more than 5 g/day EPA and DHA are safe when used as recommended","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ods_dha_af","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Omega-3 Fatty Acids (Health Professional), updated August 22, 2025; read via web.archive.org capture 25 Aug 2026 — Health Risks from Excessive Omega-3s (atrial fibrillation)","quote":"Two large clinical trials … found that taking 4 g/day of omega-3 supplements for several years slightly increased the risk of atrial fibrillation in people with CVD or at high risk of CVD","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ods_dha_warfarin","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Omega3FattyAcids-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Omega-3 Fatty Acids (Health Professional), updated August 22, 2025; read via web.archive.org capture 25 Aug 2026 — Interactions with Medications (warfarin)","quote":"Fish oil can have antiplatelet effects at high doses, although it appears to be less potent than aspirin … Fish oil might prolong clotting times, as indicated by an elevated international normalized ratio (INR), when it is taken with warfarin","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_hs_scope","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-hs-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Health Supplements Guidelines GL-CHPB-3-001 (January 2026), clause 4.8 (Tables 4–5 cover vitamins and minerals only)","quote":"HS for use by the general adult population should not contain vitamins and minerals exceeding the stipulated limits stated in Tables 4 and 5","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_prohibited_2025","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-chp-prohibited-restricted-ing-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Guidelines on Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in HS and TM (October 2025), clause 1.3 and Annexes A/B (DHA not listed)","quote":"The objective of this guideline is to highlight the substances of concern when used in HS and TM and is not meant to be an exhaustive list [DHA and omega-3 appear in neither Annex A nor B]","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"iherb_sg","url":"https://sg.iherb.com/c/dha","label":"iHerb Singapore — 'DHA' category page, default order, 75 results","quote":"California Gold Nutrition, DHA 700 Fish Oil … California Gold Nutrition, DHA from Marine Algae, 200 mg … Nordic Naturals, Prenatal DHA … Thorne, Prenatal DHA … NOW Foods, DHA-500 Fish Oil … OmegaVia, DHA 600 Omega-3","accessed":"2026-08-27"}],"brand_certs":[{"brand":"Nordic Naturals","example":null,"programme":"NSF Certified for Sport","matching_products":0,"brand_total_certified":9},{"brand":"Thorne","example":null,"programme":"NSF Certified for Sport","matching_products":0,"brand_total_certified":66}],"updated_at":"2026-08-30T17:59:38.376296+08:00"},"disclaimer":"kozen-x is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. it lists what published sources have written down. absence of a record is not the same as safe."}