{"ok":true,"entry":{"slug":"copper","kind":"supplement","name":"copper","aliases":["copper bisglycinate","cupric"],"brands_sg":["NOW Foods","Thorne","Solaray","Swanson Vitamins","Solgar"],"class":"mineral","tags":["general","skin-hair"],"use_for":"iron use, energy, connective tissue · deficiency is uncommon","use_after":"timing not addressed by nih ods","use_duration":null,"take_with":"water · zinc ~60 mg a day for weeks lowers copper status","pros":["small daily need: rda 900 mcg (0.9 mg) for adults","hsa allows red-blood-cell, hair and skin pigment claims","no clinically relevant drug interactions per nih ods"],"cons":["ul 10 mg a day from all sources — set on liver harm","excess: belly pain, cramps, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting","sg pills run 2–2.5 mg — at or above the hsa 2 mg cap"],"dose_note":"rda 900 mcg (0.9 mg) a day for adults; ul 10 mg (10,000 mcg) a day from food and supplements; hsa caps general-adult health supplements in singapore at 2 mg a day; sg iherb listings run 2 mg (thorne, swanson) to 2.5 mg (solgar) a tablet; deficiency is uncommon per nih ods","dosage":{"ul":"10 mg (10,000 mcg)","unit":"mg","fda_dv":"0.9 mg","rda_ai":"900 mcg (0.9 mg) adults 19+ · 1,000 mcg pregnancy · 1,300 mcg lactation","ul_status":"established","population":"general adult","hsa_max_daily":"2 mg"},"ul_status":"established","sg_class":null,"cautions":["wilson's disease — high risk of copper toxicity per nih ods; ask your doctor first","on high-dose zinc (~60 mg a day for weeks) — copper status can fall; ask your pharmacist","celiac disease — 15% had copper deficiency in one study; a deficiency risk, not a toxicity one","over 10 mg a day — above the ul; only under a doctor's care"],"clashes":[{"src":["nih_ods_copper_interactions"],"note":"excessive zinc supplement use can lead to copper deficiency; ~60 mg a day for up to 10 weeks lowered a copper-status marker","with":"zinc (high-dose supplements)"}],"sources":[{"id":"nih_ods_copper_intake","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Copper-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Copper Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (Updated: October 18, 2022) — Introduction, Table 1 RDAs","quote":"cofactor for several enzymes (known as cuproenzymes) involved in energy production, iron metabolism, neuropeptide activation, connective tissue synthesis, and neurotransmitter synthesis … [RDA] 19+ years: Male 900 mcg, Female 900 mcg, Pregnancy 1,000 mcg, Lactation 1,300 mcg","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nih_ods_copper_forms","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Copper-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Copper Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (Updated: October 18, 2022) — Dietary Supplements, Copper Deficiency","quote":"These supplements contain many different forms of copper, including cupric oxide, cupric sulfate, copper amino acid chelates, and copper gluconate … Copper deficiency is uncommon in humans","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nih_ods_copper_safety","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Copper-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Copper Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (Updated: October 18, 2022) — Table 3 ULs, Health Risks from Excessive Copper","quote":"[UL] 19+ years: 10,000 mcg … Chronic exposure to high levels of copper can result in liver damage and gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., abdominal pain, cramps, nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting)","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nih_ods_copper_groups","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Copper-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Copper Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (Updated: October 18, 2022) — Groups at Risk (Wilson's disease, celiac disease)","quote":"People with Wilson's disease, a rare, autosomal recessive disease, have a high risk of copper toxicity … In a study of 200 adults and children with celiac disease … 15% had copper deficiency","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nih_ods_copper_interactions","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Copper-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Copper Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (Updated: October 18, 2022) — Interactions with Medications, zinc interaction","quote":"Copper is not known to have any clinically relevant interactions with medications … excessive use of zinc supplements can lead to copper deficiency … even moderately high zinc intakes of approximately 60 mg/day for up to 10 weeks","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"fda_dv","url":"https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels","label":"FDA — Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels, Reference Guide: Daily Values for Nutrients (content current as of 03/05/2024)","quote":"DVs are the recommended amounts of nutrients to consume or not to exceed each day … Copper 0.9mg","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_hs_limits","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-hs-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Health Supplements Guidelines GL-CHPB-3-001 Rev. 020 (January 2026), clause 4.8 + Table 5 Minerals Limits","quote":"4.8 HS for use by the general adult population should not contain vitamins and minerals exceeding the stipulated limits stated in Tables 4 and 5 … Table 5: Minerals Limits … Copper 2 mg","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_hs_claims","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-hs-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Health Supplements Guidelines GL-CHPB-3-001 Rev. 020 (January 2026), List of Health Claims rows 3, 27, 30, 41","quote":"Help form red blood cells • Copper, iron … Contribute to normal hair pigmentation • Copper … Contribute to normal skin pigmentation • Copper … Help in connective tissue formation • Copper, manganese, zinc","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_prohibited_2025","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-chp-prohibited-restricted-ing-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Guidelines on Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in Health Supplements and Traditional Medicines, GL-CHPB-1-012 Rev. 001 (October 2025), Annex A row 33","quote":"33. Copper — Restricted use in HS and TM — Maximum Daily Dose: When for oral use by general adult population, the maximum recommended daily dose should not provide more than 2mg","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"iherb_sg","url":"https://sg.iherb.com/c/copper","label":"iHerb Singapore — Copper category page (Minerals), default 'Featured' order, 31 results","quote":"NOW Foods, Copper Glycinate … Thorne, Copper Bisglycinate … (2 mg per Capsule) … Solaray, Zinc Copper with Kelp & Pumpkin Seed … Swanson Vitamins, Albion® Copper, 2 mg … Solgar, Chelated Copper … (2.5 mg per Tablet)","accessed":"2026-08-27"}],"brand_certs":[{"brand":"Thorne","example":null,"programme":"NSF Certified for Sport","matching_products":0,"brand_total_certified":66}],"updated_at":"2026-08-30T17:59:39.960259+08:00"},"disclaimer":"kozen-x is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. it lists what published sources have written down. absence of a record is not the same as safe."}