{"ok":true,"entry":{"slug":"coconut-oil","kind":"supplement","name":"coconut oil","aliases":["virgin coconut oil","VCO"],"brands_sg":["California Gold Nutrition","Garden of Life","Nutiva","Artisana","Viva Naturals"],"class":"dietary fat","tags":["general","skin-hair"],"use_for":"kitchen fat and skin oil · ldl rises vs other plant oils","use_after":null,"use_duration":"trials ran 2 to 24 weeks","take_with":null,"pros":["pooled rcts: triglycerides fell 12.12 mg/dl","hdl-c rose 4.00 mg/dl vs nontropical vegetable oils","16 trials pooled — a large lipid evidence base"],"cons":["ldl-c rose 10.47 mg/dl vs nontropical vegetable oils","no shift in glycemia, inflammation or adiposity","skin and antioxidant results vary by design and intake"],"dose_note":"the pooled trials compared coconut oil with other cooking fats for at least 2 weeks, and the vco trials ran 2 to 24 weeks; no reference intake is set for it, and the consistent finding is higher ldl-cholesterol than nontropical vegetable oils","dosage":{"ul":null,"unit":"g","fda_dv":null,"rda_ai":null,"ul_status":"none_established","population":"general adult","hsa_max_daily":null},"ul_status":"none_established","sg_class":null,"cautions":["watching ldl cholesterol — it rose against nontropical vegetable oils","no change was seen in blood pressure, fasting blood sugar or crp","not listed in hsa's annex a/b — not the same as cleared"],"clashes":[],"sources":[{"id":"neelakantan2020","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/31928080","label":"The Effect of Coconut Oil Consumption on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials (Neelakantan et al., Circulation 2020; 16 trials) — abstract via Europe PMC","quote":"Coconut oil consumption significantly increased LDL-cholesterol by 10.47 mg/dL (95% CI: 3.01, 17.94; I 2 = 84%, N=16) and HDL-cholesterol by 4.00 mg/dL (95% CI: 2.26, 5.73; I 2 = 72%, N=16) as compared with nontropical vegetable oils.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"neelakantan2020_null","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/31928080","label":"Neelakantan et al., Circulation 2020 — non-lipid outcomes and conclusion","quote":"Coconut oil consumption did not significantly affect markers of glycemia, inflammation, and adiposity as compared with nontropical vegetable oils.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"vco_ma2025","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC12729059","label":"The effect of virgin coconut oil (VCO) on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Zhang et al., Diabetol Metab Syndr 2025; 14 RCTs, n=1,049)","quote":"Pooled analyses showed that VCO significantly reduced triglycerides (WMD: − 12.12 mg/dL; 95% CI: − 23.14 to − 1.09) and increased high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (WMD: 7.91 mg/dL; 95% CI: 4.41 to 11.40)","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"vco_ma2025_null","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC12729059","label":"Zhang et al., Diabetol Metab Syndr 2025 — null outcomes and trial durations","quote":"No significant changes were observed for other lipid markers, fasting blood sugar (FBS), anthropometric measures, blood pressure, or CRP.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"vco_ma2025_n","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC12729059","label":"Zhang et al., Diabetol Metab Syndr 2025 — included trials","quote":"Fourteen RCTs with 1049 participants from 11 countries, with intervention durations ranging from 2 to 24 weeks, met inclusion criteria.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"vco_review2026","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13226957","label":"Virgin coconut oil: a comprehensive review of its health impacts and functional food applications (Food Chemistry: X 2026) — abstract","quote":"Human studies suggest potential benefits related to antioxidant status, inflammatory modulation, metabolic regulation, and skin health, although outcomes vary with study design and intake levels.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_pr_notlisted","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-chp-prohibited-restricted-ing-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Guidelines on Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in Health Supplements and Traditional Medicines, GL-CHPB-1-012 Rev 001 (Oct 2025), Annex A/B — searched, no row for this ingredient","quote":"The objective of this guideline is to highlight the substances of concern when used in HS and TM and is not meant to be an exhaustive list.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"iherb_sg","url":"https://sg.iherb.com/c/coconut-oil","label":"iHerb Singapore — Coconut Oil category (default order, 1 - 48 of 48 results)","quote":"California Gold Nutrition, Superfoods, Cold Pressed Organic Virgin Coconut Oil … Garden of Life, Raw Extra Virgin Coconut Oil … Nutiva, Organic Coconut Oil, Buttery … Artisana, Organics, Raw Virgin Coconut Oil … Viva Naturals, Organic®, Extra-Virgin Coconut Oil","accessed":"2026-08-27"}],"brand_certs":[{"brand":"Garden of Life","example":null,"programme":"NSF Certified for Sport","matching_products":0,"brand_total_certified":23}],"updated_at":"2026-08-30T17:59:38.376296+08:00"},"disclaimer":"kozen-x is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. it lists what published sources have written down. absence of a record is not the same as safe."}