{"ok":true,"entry":{"slug":"clove","kind":"supplement","name":"clove","aliases":["Syzygium aromaticum","eugenol"],"brands_sg":["Kroeger Herb Co","Nutricost","Oregon's Wild Harvest","Herb Pharm","Bioray"],"class":"botanical","tags":["general"],"use_for":"kitchen spice, long medicinal use · gut data preclinical","use_after":null,"use_duration":null,"take_with":null,"pros":["rich in eugenol, eugenol acetate and gallic acid","antioxidant activity above many fruits and spices","clove compounds inhibited h. pylori in a lab dish"],"cons":["the gut work is in vitro and in rats, not people","sg bars ulcer and gastritis claims (table 6)","study authors say further studies are required"],"dose_note":"no human dose was found. the 2026 laboratory study reports minimum inhibitory / bactericidal concentrations for clove constituents against h. pylori ss1 in vitro — kaempferol 0.5/1 mg/mL, quercetin 2.5/10 mg/mL, stigmasterol 3.13/12.52 mg/mL — and dose-dependent gastric cytokine changes in infected rats; neither is a dose for people. the 2014 review covers clove's phenolic chemistry and traditional food-preservative and medicinal use rather than a supplement regimen. no rda, ul or fda daily value exists for clove, and hsa's tables 4–5 cover vitamins and minerals only, so no sg daily maximum applies","dosage":{"ul":null,"unit":"mg","fda_dv":null,"rda_ai":null,"ul_status":"none_established","population":"general adult","hsa_max_daily":null},"ul_status":"none_established","sg_class":null,"cautions":["no human dose-safety data in the fetched sources — the gut studies are in vitro and in rats","singapore: not listed in hsa annex a or b, which is not a safety clearance"],"clashes":[],"sources":[{"id":"cortes2014","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/25182278","label":"Clove (Syzygium aromaticum): a precious spice (Cortés-Rojas DF, de Souza CR, Oliveira WP; Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; PMID 25182278)","quote":"This plant represents one of the richest source of phenolic compounds such as eugenol, eugenol acetate and gallic acid … The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of clove is higher than many fruits, vegetables and other spices","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"kang2026","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42199855","label":"A study on the antibacterial efficacy and action mechanism of clove against Helicobacter pylori (Kang X et al.; Front Pharmacol 2026; PMID 42199855)","quote":"kaempferol, quercetin, and stigmasterol inhibited H. pylori SS1, with MIC/MBC values of 0.5/1, 2.5/10, and 3.13/12.52 mg/mL … further studies are required to verify direct pathway regulation and in vivo antibacterial mechanisms","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_hs_table6","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-hs-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA Singapore — Health Supplements Guidelines (January 2026), Table 6: Examples of Diseases/Conditions/Disorders Not Allowed for Health Supplements","quote":"Digestive system — Ulcers, gastritis, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, fatty liver, diarrhoea, constipation, inflammation of the intestines, liver or pancreas","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_pr_notlisted","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-chp-prohibited-restricted-ing-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Guidelines on Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in Health Supplements and Traditional Medicines (Oct 2025), Annex A (118 rows, Abrus to Zinc) and Annex B (4 rows) — both searched, no row for this ingredient","quote":"The objective of this guideline is to highlight the substances of concern when used in HS and TM and is not meant to be an exhaustive list.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_hs_limits","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-hs-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA Singapore — Health Supplements Guidelines (January 2026), clause 4.8 and Tables 4–5 (vitamins and minerals only)","quote":"HS for use by the general adult population should not contain vitamins and minerals exceeding the stipulated limits stated in Tables 4 and 5.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"iherb_sg","url":"https://sg.iherb.com/c/clove","label":"iHerb Singapore — Clove Supplements category page, default order (1 - 9 of 9 results); first 5 distinct brands: Kroeger Herb Co, Nutricost, Oregon's Wild Harvest, Herb Pharm, Bioray","quote":"Kroeger Herb Co, Fresh Ground Cloves … Nutricost, Clove … Oregon's Wild Harvest, Cloves … Herb Pharm, Clove … Bioray, Artemisia & Clove","accessed":"2026-08-27"}],"brand_certs":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-29T16:16:16.693643+08:00"},"disclaimer":"kozen-x is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. it lists what published sources have written down. absence of a record is not the same as safe."}