{"ok":true,"entry":{"slug":"chamomile","kind":"supplement","name":"chamomile","aliases":["Matricaria chamomilla","German chamomile"],"brands_sg":["Nature's Answer","Swanson Vitamins","Nature's Way","Nutricost","Solaray"],"class":"botanical","tags":["sleep"],"use_for":"sold for sleep and anxiety · reliable evidence is thin","use_after":null,"use_duration":null,"take_with":"commonly consumed as a tea","pros":["a 2024 meta-analysis found lower psqi sleep scores","ten trials, 772 people, pooled for that review","likely safe in the amounts commonly found in teas"],"cons":["nccih: not enough reliable evidence to rate usefulness","a 2019 review found one insomnia study, no benefit","ragweed or daisy allergy? anaphylaxis is reported"],"dose_note":"neither the nccih fact sheet nor the 2024 meta-analysis abstract states a standard dose; nccih describes chamomile as likely safe in the amounts commonly found in teas; no rda, ul or fda daily value exists for chamomile, and hsa's tables 4–5 cover vitamins and minerals only, so no sg daily maximum applies","dosage":{"ul":null,"unit":"mg","fda_dv":null,"rda_ai":null,"ul_status":"none_established","population":"general adult","hsa_max_daily":null},"ul_status":"none_established","sg_class":null,"cautions":["ragweed, chrysanthemum, marigold or daisy allergy — anaphylaxis reported","pregnant or breastfeeding — little is known about safety","on warfarin or liver-metabolised medicines — interactions reported","singapore: not listed in hsa annex a or b, which is not a safety clearance"],"clashes":[{"src":["nccih_chamomile_interactions"],"note":"nccih: interactions have been reported","with":"warfarin (a blood thinner)"},{"src":["nccih_chamomile_interactions"],"note":"nccih: interactions have been reported","with":"drugs metabolised by the liver"},{"src":["nccih_chamomile_interactions"],"note":"nccih: theoretical reasons to suspect an interaction; not demonstrated","with":"sedatives"}],"sources":[{"id":"nccih_chamomile","url":"https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/chamomile","label":"NIH NCCIH — Chamomile (German chamomile), uses and evidence","quote":"Studies of the effectiveness of chamomile for a variety of specific conditions have not produced sufficient reliable evidence to rate clinical usefulness … likely safe when used orally in amounts commonly found in teas","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nccih_chamomile_sleep","url":"https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/chamomile","label":"NIH NCCIH — Chamomile, insomnia section","quote":"There's very little information on chamomile's effect on insomnia. A 2019 review of chamomile use found one study on insomnia, which found no benefit from its use for this sleep disorder.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nccih_chamomile_safety","url":"https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/chamomile","label":"NIH NCCIH — Chamomile, side effects and pregnancy","quote":"nausea, dizziness, and allergic reactions, including severe hypersensitivity reactions and anaphylaxis, in some people … Little is known about whether it's safe to use chamomile during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nccih_chamomile_allergy","url":"https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/chamomile","label":"NIH NCCIH — Chamomile, cross-allergy to the daisy family","quote":"People are more likely to experience allergic reactions to chamomile if they're allergic to related plants such as ragweed, chrysanthemums, marigolds, or daisies.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nccih_chamomile_interactions","url":"https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/chamomile","label":"NIH NCCIH — Chamomile, drug interactions","quote":"Interactions between chamomile and some drugs metabolized by the liver and warfarin (a blood thinner) have been reported … there are theoretical reasons to suspect that chamomile might interact with other drugs as well, such as sedatives","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"kazemi2024","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/39106912","label":"Effects of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) on sleep: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials (Kazemi et al., Complement Ther Med 2024;85:103071)","quote":"The systematic review included ten studies (772 participants) … A significant reduction in PSQI score (WMD: -1.88, 95 %CI: -3.46, -0.31, I2: 88.4 %, n = 5) was found … Sleep efficiency did not change in two studies and deteriorated in one.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"saadatmand2024","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC11109927","label":"The Effect of Oral Chamomile on Anxiety: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials (Saadatmand et al., Clin Nutr Res 2024;13:139)","quote":"Out of the 10 articles selected, 9 studies have concluded that chamomile is effective in reducing anxiety … its active compounds, including apigenin, may modulate the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis by affecting neurotransmitter pathways.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_pr_notlisted","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-chp-prohibited-restricted-ing-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Guidelines on Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in Health Supplements and Traditional Medicines, GL-CHPB-1-012 (Oct 2025), Annex A/B — searched, no row for this ingredient","quote":"The objective of this guideline is to highlight the substances of concern when used in HS and TM and is not meant to be an exhaustive list.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_hs_limits","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-hs-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA Singapore — Health Supplements Guidelines (January 2026), clause 4.8 and Tables 4–5 (vitamins and minerals only)","quote":"HS for use by the general adult population should not contain vitamins and minerals exceeding the stipulated limits stated in Tables 4 and 5.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"iherb_sg","url":"https://sg.iherb.com/c/chamomile","label":"iHerb Singapore — Supplements > Herbs > Chamomile Supplements category page, default order (1 - 10 of 10 results); first 5 distinct brands: Nature's Answer, Swanson Vitamins, Nature's Way, Nutricost, Solaray","quote":"Nature's Answer, Chamomile Extract, Alcohol Free, 1 fl oz (30 ml) … Swanson Vitamins, Chamomile, 350 mg, 120 Capsules … Nature's Way, Chamomile Flower, 700 mg … Nutricost, Chamomile, 240 Capsules … Solaray, True Herbs, Chamomile, 350 mg","accessed":"2026-08-27"}],"brand_certs":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-29T16:16:14.713299+08:00"},"disclaimer":"kozen-x is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. it lists what published sources have written down. absence of a record is not the same as safe."}