{"ok":true,"entry":{"slug":"carnosine","kind":"supplement","name":"carnosine","aliases":["L-carnosine","beta-alanyl-L-histidine"],"brands_sg":["California Gold Nutrition","Doctor's Best","Terra Origin","NOW Foods","Life Extension"],"class":"dipeptide","tags":["fitness","general"],"use_for":"endurance rose in some groups; grip strength did not","use_after":null,"use_duration":null,"take_with":null,"pros":["2 g/day for 6–12 weeks in a 299-person trial","raised carnosine ~2-fold in blood, ~7-fold in urine","the most well-powered carnosine performance trial"],"cons":["gains sat mainly with males over 40, not everyone","oral carnosine is digested into its amino acids","no change in grip strength or most other measures"],"dose_note":"the largest trial to date used 2 g a day (2 × 0.5 g, twice daily) for 6–12 weeks; ODS notes beta-alanine, not oral carnosine, is the reliable way to raise muscle carnosine","dosage":{"ul":null,"unit":"g","fda_dv":null,"rda_ai":null,"ul_status":"none_established","population":"general adult","hsa_max_daily":null},"ul_status":"none_established","sg_class":null,"cautions":["not listed on HSA's annex, which is not exhaustive"],"clashes":[],"sources":[{"id":"otoole2026","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13276806","label":"Effects of carnosine supplementation on physical endurance: a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial (O'Toole et al., JISSN 2026)","quote":"In select age groups, carnosine supplementation improves muscular and cardiorespiratory endurance but not grip strength. The benefits appeared to be limited to males.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"ods_exercise","url":"https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/ExerciseAndAthleticPerformance-HealthProfessional/","label":"NIH ODS — Dietary Supplements for Exercise and Athletic Performance (Health Professional)","quote":"oral consumption of carnosine is an inefficient method of increasing muscle carnosine concentrations because the dipeptide is digested into its constituent amino acids","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_pr","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-chp-prohibited-restricted-ing-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Guidelines on Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in Health Supplements and Traditional Medicines (Oct 2025), Annex A","quote":"A list of specific prohibited and restricted ingredients is provided in Annex A … This list is not exhaustive. Dealers are responsible to ensure that their products are safe and appropriate for the target consumers.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_hs","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-hs-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Health Supplements Guidelines (Jan 2026), Tables 4–5","quote":"HS for use by the general adult population should not contain vitamins and minerals exceeding the stipulated limits stated in Tables 4 and 5.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"iherb_sg","url":"https://sg.iherb.com/c/carnosine","label":"iHerb Singapore — Carnosine category page, default order (1 - 41 of 41 results)","quote":"California Gold Nutrition, Zinc-L-Carnosine Complex … Doctor's Best, PepZin GI®, Zinc-L-Carnosine … Terra Origin, Healthy Gut™, Berry … NOW Foods, Gastro Comfort™ with PepZin GI™ … Life Extension, Gastro-Ease™","accessed":"2026-08-27"}],"brand_certs":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-29T16:16:14.713299+08:00"},"disclaimer":"kozen-x is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. it lists what published sources have written down. absence of a record is not the same as safe."}