{"ok":true,"entry":{"slug":"butterbur","kind":"supplement","name":"butterbur","aliases":["Petasites hybridus","PA-free butterbur"],"brands_sg":["Nutricost","Vitacost","Nature's Way","Solaray","Eu Natural"],"class":"botanical","tags":["general"],"use_for":"migraine frequency and hay-fever symptoms in trials","use_after":null,"use_duration":"pa-free products studied by mouth for up to 16 weeks","take_with":null,"pros":["nccih: root extract may cut migraine frequency","nccih: leaf extract may ease allergic rhinitis","livertox: side effects uncommon and mild in trials"],"cons":["contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids — pa-free forms only","the aan stopped recommending it in 2015 on safety","rare liver injury reported in 'pa-free' products too"],"dose_note":"livertox describes a typical oral dosage of 100 to 150 mg a day in 2 to 3 divided doses; nccih says only products processed to remove pyrrolizidine alkaloids and labelled or certified pa-free should be considered, and that pa-free products have been studied by mouth for up to 16 weeks","dosage":{"ul":null,"unit":"mg","fda_dv":null,"rda_ai":null,"ul_status":"none_established","population":"general adult","hsa_max_daily":null},"ul_status":"none_established","sg_class":null,"cautions":["ragweed, chrysanthemum, marigold or daisy allergy — nccih flags cross-reaction","pregnancy or breastfeeding — pa-containing products may cause birth defects or liver damage","unexplained fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain or dark urine — livertox says liver tests are drawn and the herb stopped","sg: a health supplement cannot be sold for allergies, cough, cold or flu (hsa table 6)"],"clashes":[],"sources":[{"id":"nccih_butterbur","url":"https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/butterbur","label":"NCCIH — Butterbur: Usefulness and Safety (last updated November 2024), efficacy section","quote":"A butterbur root extract may reduce the frequency of migraines … a butterbur leaf extract … may be helpful for symptoms of allergic rhinitis … the Academy stopped recommending it in 2015 because of serious concerns about its safety","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"nccih_butterbur_pa","url":"https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/butterbur","label":"NCCIH — Butterbur: Usefulness and Safety (last updated November 2024), 'What Do We Know About Safety?' section","quote":"The butterbur plant contains substances called pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). PAs can damage the liver and lungs and may cause cancer … there have been rare cases of liver injury associated with products that were reported to be PA-free","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"livertox_butterbur","url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547997/","label":"LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury — Butterbur monograph, NBK547997 (NIDDK)","quote":"the typical oral dosage is 100 to 150 mg per day in 2 to 3 divided doses. Side effects of butterbur are uncommon and mild, and include gastrointestinal upset, eructation, nausea, diarrhea, headache, dizziness","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_annex","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-chp-prohibited-restricted-ing-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Guidelines on Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in Health Supplements and Traditional Medicines, GL-CHPB-1-012 Rev. No. 001 (Oct 2025), Annex A (105 rows) and Annex B (4 rows) — read from the cached PDF text on disk","quote":"The objective of this guideline is to highlight the substances of concern when used in HS and TM and is not meant to be an exhaustive list.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_tables","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-hs-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Health Supplements Guidelines, GL-CHPB-3-001 Rev. No. 020 (January 2026), section 4.8 with Tables 4 and 5 (vitamins and minerals limits) — read from the cached PDF text on disk","quote":"HS for use by the general adult population should not contain vitamins and minerals exceeding the stipulated limits stated in Tables 4 and 5.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_table6","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-hs-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Health Supplements Guidelines, GL-CHPB-3-001 Rev. No. 020 (January 2026), section 6.6 and Table 6: diseases/conditions not allowed for health supplements — read from the cached PDF text on disk","quote":"HS must not be labelled, advertised or promoted for any specific medicinal purpose … Immune system: Leprosy, AIDS, allergies, immunisation … Respiratory system: Asthma, tuberculosis, bronchitis, sinusitis, cough, cold, flu","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"iherb_sg","url":"https://sg.iherb.com/c/butterbur","label":"iHerb Singapore — Butterbur category page, default (best-selling) order, read 27 Aug 2026 via WebFetch","quote":"Butterbur … Nutricost … Vitacost … Nature's Way … Solaray … Eu Natural … NOW Foods","accessed":"2026-08-27"}],"brand_certs":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-29T16:16:14.713299+08:00"},"disclaimer":"kozen-x is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. it lists what published sources have written down. absence of a record is not the same as safe."}