{"ok":true,"entry":{"slug":"borage-oil","kind":"supplement","name":"borage oil","aliases":["starflower oil"],"brands_sg":["California Gold Nutrition","Life Extension","Swanson Vitamins","Nature's Way","NOW Foods"],"class":"fatty acid","tags":["womens-health","skin-hair"],"use_for":"a gla (omega-6) oil · eczema trials found no benefit","use_after":null,"use_duration":"trials were short-term · long-term use is unstudied","take_with":null,"pros":["well studied: 27 eczema trials, 1,596 participants","adverse effects in trials were mild and transient"],"cons":["no effect on eczema versus placebo in pooled trials","long-term safety was not examined in these studies","a related gla oil raised bleeding risk on warfarin"],"dose_note":"a cochrane review pooled 27 trials of oral evening primrose or borage oil for eczema and found improvement similar to placebo; no established intake exists for gla","dosage":{"ul":null,"unit":"mg","fda_dv":null,"rda_ai":null,"ul_status":"none_established","population":"general adult","hsa_max_daily":null},"ul_status":"none_established","sg_class":null,"cautions":["on warfarin — a related gla oil increased bleeding","eczema — cochrane found borage oil no better than placebo","beyond a year — long-term use has not been studied"],"clashes":[{"src":["cochrane_bo_safety"],"note":"cochrane notes evening primrose oil, the related gla oil, may increase bleeding on warfarin","with":"warfarin"}],"sources":[{"id":"cochrane_bo","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC8105655","label":"Oral evening primrose oil and borage oil for eczema (Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013)","quote":"A total of 27 studies (1596 participants) met the inclusion criteria … Oral borage oil and evening primrose oil lack effect on eczema; improvement was similar to respective placebos used in trials.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"cochrane_bo_safety","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC8105655","label":"Oral evening primrose oil and borage oil for eczema (Cochrane 2013), adverse effects","quote":"EPO and BO have the same, fairly common, mild, transient adverse effects, which are mainly gastrointestinal. The short-term studies included here do not examine possible adverse effects of long-term use … EPO may increase bleeding for people on Coumadin® (warfarin)","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_pr","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-chp-prohibited-restricted-ing-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA — Guidelines on prohibited and restricted ingredients in health supplements and traditional medicines (Oct 2025), Annex A/B","quote":"The objective of this guideline is to highlight the substances of concern when used in HS and TM and is not meant to be an exhaustive list.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"iherb_sg","url":"https://sg.iherb.com/c/borage-oil","label":"iHerb Singapore — Borage Oil category page","quote":"Borage Oil","accessed":"2026-08-27"}],"brand_certs":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-29T16:16:12.75901+08:00"},"disclaimer":"kozen-x is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. it lists what published sources have written down. absence of a record is not the same as safe."}