{"ok":true,"entry":{"slug":"andrographis","kind":"supplement","name":"andrographis","aliases":["Andrographis paniculata","chuan xin lian","king of bitters"],"brands_sg":["California Gold Nutrition","Swanson Vitamins","Planetary Herbals","Nutricost","Terry Naturally"],"class":"botanical","tags":["immune"],"use_for":"studied for cough and sore throat — trial quality poor","use_after":"trials began within 36 h–3 days of onset","use_duration":"trials ran 3–5 days","take_with":null,"pros":["33 rcts, 7,175 patients — a large evidence base","cough and sore throat improved vs placebo","no major adverse events across those trials"],"cons":["trial quality was overall poor (hu 2017)","tga: commonest reports were hypersensitivity","sg bars cough, cold and flu claims (table 6)"],"dose_note":"the placebo-controlled trials in the 2017 systematic review used tablets or capsules at 300 mg twice a day or 400 mg three times a day for 3 to 5 days, started within 36 hours to 3 days of symptom onset; the review's authors note the products were mostly commercial and seldom reported manufacturing or quality-control details, and that the methodological quality of the trials was overall poor; the ema is reported as finding no acute or genotoxicity data on andrographis extracts and a possibility of high doses causing reproductive toxicity in rats; no rda, ul, fda daily value or hsa singapore daily limit exists","dosage":{"ul":null,"unit":"mg","fda_dv":null,"rda_ai":null,"ul_status":"none_established","population":"general adult","hsa_max_daily":null},"ul_status":"none_established","sg_class":null,"cautions":["hypersensitivity and allergic reactions were the commonest reports to australia's tga, mainly with highly concentrated methanol extracts","pregnant or breastfeeding — the reviewed trials excluded these participants","high doses reduced sperm count and motility in rats (ema, reported in hu 2017)","not listed in hsa's prohibited or restricted annexes — that is not a safety finding"],"clashes":[{"src":["hu2017_interaction"],"note":"andrographolide induced cyp1a2 in animal research, indicating an interaction","with":"theophylline"}],"sources":[{"id":"hu2017_efficacy","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC5544222","label":"Andrographis paniculata (Chuān Xīn Lián) for symptomatic relief of acute respiratory tract infections in adults and children: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Hu et al., PLoS One 2017)","quote":"A. Paniculata improved cough (n = 596, standardised mean difference SMD: -0.39, 95% confidence interval CI [-0.67, -0.10]) and sore throat (n = 314, SMD: -1.13, 95% CI [-1.37, -0.89]) when compared with placebo","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hu2017_quality","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC5544222","label":"Hu et al., PLoS One 2017 — results and conclusions on trial quality and adverse events","quote":"Thirty-three RCTs (7175 patients) were included … No major AEs were reported and minor AEs were mainly gastrointestinal. The methodological quality of included trials was overall poor.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hu2017_dose","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC5544222","label":"Hu et al., PLoS One 2017 — included placebo-controlled trials (dose, frequency, duration, time from onset)","quote":"AP mono (capsule) Placebo capsules, 300mg, bid, 5d … AP mono (tablet) Placebo tablet, 400mg, tid, 5d … Within 3d … Within 36h","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hu2017_tga","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC5544222","label":"Hu et al., PLoS One 2017 — safety discussion, Australian TGA pharmacovigilance analysis","quote":"the recent therapeutic goods administration (TGA) pharmacovigilance analysis, which revealed most common AEs associated with A. Paniculata were hypersensitivity or allergic reactions … ADRs tend to be related to highly concentrated methanol extracts","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hu2017_ema","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC5544222","label":"Hu et al., PLoS One 2017 — safety discussion, EMA toxicity data gaps","quote":"The European Medicines Agency (EMA) reports no acute or genotoxicity data on Andrographis extracts but there is a possibilty of high doses causing reproductive toxicity, with decreases in sperm counts and motility","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hu2017_interaction","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC5544222","label":"Hu et al., PLoS One 2017 — safety discussion, drug interaction signal","quote":"Animal research showed andrographolide-induced induction of CYP1A2, indicating an interaction with theophylline","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hu2017_exclusions","url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC5544222","label":"Hu et al., PLoS One 2017 — eligibility criteria of the included trials","quote":"Exclusion also applied to trials that included patients who required hospital admission … had a known immune deficiency, or were pregnant or breastfeeding","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_claims_table6","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-hs-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA Singapore — Health Supplements Guidelines GL-CHPB-3-001 Rev. No. 020 (January 2026), clause 6.6 and Table 6 (diseases/conditions not allowed for health supplements)","quote":"HS must not be labelled, advertised or promoted for any specific medicinal purpose … Respiratory system: Asthma, tuberculosis, bronchitis, sinusitis, cough, cold, flu","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_prohibited","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-chp-prohibited-restricted-ing-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA Singapore — Guidelines on Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in Health Supplements and Traditional Medicines, GL-CHPB-1-012 Rev. No. 001 (October 2025), Annex A (118 rows) and Annex B (4 rows) — andrographis / Andrographis paniculata not listed in either (alphabetical neighbours 4. Adonis vernalis, 5. Antiaris toxicaria)","quote":"The objective of this guideline is to highlight the substances of concern when used in HS and TM and is not meant to be an exhaustive list.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"hsa_hs_guidelines","url":"https://file.go.gov.sg/hsa-hs-guidelines.pdf","label":"HSA Singapore — Health Supplements Guidelines GL-CHPB-3-001 Rev. No. 020 (January 2026), clause 4.8 with Tables 4–5 (vitamins and minerals only — no botanical rows)","quote":"4.8 HS for use by the general adult population should not contain vitamins and minerals exceeding the stipulated limits stated in Tables 4 and 5.","accessed":"2026-08-27"},{"id":"iherb_sg","url":"https://sg.iherb.com/c/andrographis","label":"iHerb Singapore — Andrographis category page, default listing order","quote":"1 - 17 of 17 results: California Gold Nutrition, Andrographis Immune with AP-Bio; Swanson Vitamins, Full Spectrum Andrographis Paniculata; Planetary Herbals, Full Spectrum Andrographis; Nutricost, Andrographis Extract; Terry Naturally, Andrographis EP80","accessed":"2026-08-27"}],"brand_certs":null,"updated_at":"2026-08-29T16:16:10.48466+08:00"},"disclaimer":"kozen-x is not a medical device and does not give medical advice. it lists what published sources have written down. absence of a record is not the same as safe."}